Salar
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bēr-.
Pronunciation
- (Xunhua, Hualong, Qinghai; Ili, Xinjiang) IPA(key): /viːˈɣysi/
- (Mengda, Qinghai; Gansu) IPA(key): /beːˈɣysi)/
- Hyphenation: vi‧ğü‧si
Verb
viğüsi (present verer, past verci)
- to give
Maña heli beş fun verdoğo.- Give me five bucks.
- to betroth
Anasını kişe vimiş.- He has betrothed his daughter to someone.
- an auxiliary verb (pronounced -ber)
Ananiği yüzine qara salıbimiş.- He robbed charcoal black on the girl's face.
Conjugation
Conjugation of viğüsi
basic conjugation
| basic conjugation
|
|
|
positive
|
negative
|
| experiential
|
inferential
|
experiential
|
inferential
|
| aorist
|
verer
|
verer-a
|
vimes
|
vimes-a
|
| continuous
|
vibır
|
viba(r)
|
ver yoxdır,
vimır
|
ver yox-a
|
| past
|
verci
|
vimiş
|
vimeci
|
vimemiş
|
| future
|
viğür
|
viğe(r)
|
vimeğür
|
vimeğe(r)
|
| past perfect
|
viğen var
|
viğen var-a
|
viğen yoxdır
|
viğen yox-a
|
| necessitative
|
viği
|
vimeği
|
| conditional
|
verse
|
vimese
|
| imperative
|
1st person plural
|
verel
|
vimeğel
|
| 2nd & 3rd person
|
ver
|
vime
|
| 2nd person
|
verdoğo
|
viquma
|
| 3rd person
|
viqoğı
|
vimeği
|
| infinitive
|
viğüsi
|
vimeğüsi
|
| manner noun
|
viriş
|
vimeş
|
| impersonal participle
|
imperfective
|
viğen
|
vimeğen
|
| perfective
|
vimiş
|
vimemiş
|
| prospective
|
viğüsi
|
vimeğüsi
|
| agent noun
|
viğüci
|
vimeğüci
|
|
|
converbs
|
| purposive converb
|
vime
|
| posterior converb
|
viğü, verceni
|
| anterior converb
|
viğünçük
|
| iterative converb
|
vere-vere
|
| immediate posterior converb
|
viğüşli
|
| causal converb
|
verceni
|
| prospective converb
|
viğüdene
|
question conjugation
| question conjugation
|
|
|
positive
|
negative
|
|
|
experimental1
|
inferential2
|
experimental
|
inferential
|
| aorist
|
verer-(m)i
|
verer-(m)o
|
vimes-(m)i
|
vimes-(m)o
|
| continuous
|
vibır-(m)i
|
viba(r)-(m)o
|
ver yoxdır-(m)i
|
ver yox-aro
|
| past
|
ver-du,
verci-mu
|
vimiş-(m)o
|
vime-du,
vimeci-mu
|
vimemiş-(m)o
|
| future
|
viğür-(m)i
|
viğe(r)-(m)o
|
vimeğür-(m)i
|
vimeğe(r)-(m)o
|
| past perfect
|
viğen var-(m)i
|
viğen var-(m)o
|
viğen yoxdır-(m)i
|
viğen yox-aro
|
| necessitative
|
viği-mu
|
vimeği-mu
|
| conditional
|
verse-mu
|
vimese-mu
|
| imperative
|
1st person plural
|
verel-mu
|
vimeğel-mu
|
| 2nd & 3rd person
|
ver-mu
|
vime-mu
|
| 2nd person
|
verdoğo-mu
|
viquma-mu
|
| 3rd person
|
viqoğı-mu
|
vimeği-mu
|
| infinitive
|
viğüsi-mu
|
vimeğüsi-mu
|
| manner noun
|
viriş-mu
|
vimeş-mu
|
| impersonal participle
|
imperfective
|
viğen-mu
|
vimeğen-mu
|
| perfective
|
vimiş-mu
|
vimemiş-mu
|
| prospective
|
viğüsi-mu
|
vimeğüsi-mu
|
| agent noun
|
viğüci-mu
|
vimeğüci-mu
|
potential conjugation
| potential conjugation
|
|
|
positive
|
negative
|
| experiential
|
inferential
|
experiential
|
inferential
|
| aorist
|
vereler
|
vereler-a
|
verelmes
|
verelmes-a
|
| continuous
|
verelbır
|
verelba(r)
|
verel yoxdır,
verelmır
|
verel yox-a
|
| past
|
verelci
|
verelmiş
|
verelmeci
|
verelmemiş
|
| future
|
verelğür
|
verelğe(r)
|
verelmeğür
|
verelmeğe(r)
|
| past perfect
|
verelğen var
|
verelğen var-a
|
verelğen yoxdır
|
verelğen yox-a
|
inceptive–punctual aspectual construction
| inceptive–punctual aspectual construction
|
|
|
positive
|
negative
|
| experiential
|
inferential
|
experiential
|
inferential
|
| aorist
|
{{{71}}}
|
{{{72}}}
|
{{{101}}}
|
{{{102}}}
|
| continuous
|
{{{73}}}
|
{{{74}}}
|
{{{103}}},
{{{1031}}}
|
{{{104}}}
|
| past
|
{{{75}}}
|
{{{76}}}
|
{{{105}}}
|
{{{106}}}
|
| future
|
{{{77}}}
|
{{{78}}}
|
{{{107}}}
|
{{{108}}}
|
| past perfect
|
{{{79}}}
|
{{{80}}}
|
{{{109}}}
|
{{{110}}}
|
|
1 The speaker knows the answer to the question, or believes that herself/himself does.
2 The speaker genuinely does not know the answer to the question.
References
- Tenishev, Edhem (1976), “viğüsi”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, page 543
- 林 (Lin), 莲云 (Lianyun) (1992), “viğüsi”, in 撒拉汉汉撒拉词汇 [Salar-Chinese, Chinese-Salar Vocabulary], 成都: 四川民族出版社, →ISBN, page 37
- Yakup, Abdurishid (2002), “viğüsi”, in An Ili Salar Vocabulary: Introduction and a Provisional Salar-English Lexicon[1], Tokyo: University of Tokyo, →ISBN, page 176
- 进锋张 [Ayso Cañ Cinfen] (2008), 乌璐别格 [Ulubeğ], 鄭初陽 [Çuyañ Yebey oğlı Ceñ], editors, 撒拉尔谚语 [Salar İbret Sözler, Salar Proverbs][2], China Salar Youth League, page 18
- Ma, Chengjun; Han, Lianye; Ma, Weisheng (December 2010), “viğüsi”, in 米娜瓦尔 艾比布拉 (Minavar Abibra), editor, 撒维汉词典 (Sāwéihàncídiǎn) [Salar-Uyghur-Chinese dictionary] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Beijing, →ISBN, page 309
- 马伟 (Ma Wei) (2016), “viğüsi”, in 濒危语言——撒拉语研究 [Endangered Languages - Salar Language Studies], 青海 (Qinghai): 青海师范大学 (Qinghai Normal University), Unpublished finalized project manuscript (国家社会科学基金项目结项稿, 定稿; National Social Science Fund of China), page 157,284