two-speed Europe

• twospeed Europe

two-speed +‎ Europe, patterned after automotive terminology to describe different rates of progress.

two-speed Europe (uncountable)

1. (European Union, politics) A model of European integration in which a core group of member states (the "vanguard") pursues deeper integration at a faster pace than the rest of the union, which remains at a lower level of integration.

   Coordinate terms: multi-speed Europe, multi-tier Europe

   Antonym: ever closer union

• multi-speed Europe (all countries have the same goal, just different timing)
• Europe à la carte (countries pick and choose specific policies)
• variable-geometry Europe (flexibility based on specific geographical or functional needs)
• multi-tier Europe (a formalized division into distinct "circles" of membership)
• concentric circles (a model with a core, a periphery, and associated non-members)
• federal core Europe
• pioneer groups / pioneering member states
• multi-menu Europe
• Olympic circles (overlapping groups of integration)

• noyau dur / hard core
• vanguard
• differentiated integration
• enhanced cooperation
• opt-out
• eurozone
• Schengen Area
• supranationalism
• inner six
• federation of the willing

• Fortress Europe
• subsidiarity