succumbo

Latin

Etymology

    From sub- +‎ *cumbō (“lie down”).

    Pronunciation

    Verb

    succumbō (present infinitive succumbere, perfect active succubuī, supine succubitum); third conjugation

    1. to sink, fall, lie or break down
    2. to collapse, to succumb
    3. to concede defeat
    4. to surrender, to yield, to succumb
      • 46 BCE, Cicero, Pro rege Deiotaro 36:
        Magnō animō et ērēctō est, nec umquam succumbet inimīcīs, nē fortūnae quidem.
        He preserves a great and lofty spirit, and will never succumb to his enemies, nor even to fortune.
    5. to submit

    Conjugation

       Conjugation of succumbō (third conjugation)
    indicative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present succumbō succumbis succumbit succumbimus succumbitis succumbunt
    imperfect succumbēbam succumbēbās succumbēbat succumbēbāmus succumbēbātis succumbēbant
    future succumbam succumbēs succumbet succumbēmus succumbētis succumbent
    perfect succubuī succubuistī succubuit succubuimus succubuistis succubuērunt,
    succubuēre
    pluperfect succubueram succubuerās succubuerat succubuerāmus succubuerātis succubuerant
    future perfect succubuerō succubueris succubuerit succubuerimus succubueritis succubuerint
    passive present succumbor succumberis,
    succumbere     		succumbitur succumbimur succumbiminī succumbuntur
    imperfect succumbēbar succumbēbāris,
    succumbēbāre     		succumbēbātur succumbēbāmur succumbēbāminī succumbēbantur
    future succumbar succumbēris,
    succumbēre     		succumbētur succumbēmur succumbēminī succumbentur
    perfect succubitus + present active indicative of sum
    pluperfect succubitus + imperfect active indicative of sum
    future perfect succubitus + future active indicative of sum
    subjunctive singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present succumbam succumbās succumbat succumbāmus succumbātis succumbant
    imperfect succumberem succumberēs succumberet succumberēmus succumberētis succumberent
    perfect succubuerim succubuerīs succubuerit succubuerīmus succubuerītis succubuerint
    pluperfect succubuissem succubuissēs succubuisset succubuissēmus succubuissētis succubuissent
    passive present succumbar succumbāris,
    succumbāre     		succumbātur succumbāmur succumbāminī succumbantur
    imperfect succumberer succumberēris,
    succumberēre     		succumberētur succumberēmur succumberēminī succumberentur
    perfect succubitus + present active subjunctive of sum
    pluperfect succubitus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
    imperative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present — succumbe — — succumbite —
    future — succumbitō succumbitō — succumbitōte succumbuntō
    passive present — succumbere — — succumbiminī —
    future — succumbitor succumbitor — — succumbuntor
    non-finite forms infinitive participle
    active passive active passive
    present succumbere succumbī succumbēns —
    future succubitūrum esse succubitum īrī succubitūrus succumbendus,
    succumbundus
    perfect succubuisse succubitum esse — succubitus
    future perfect — succubitum fore — —
    perfect potential succubitūrum fuisse — — —
    verbal nouns gerund supine
    genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
    succumbendī succumbendō succumbendum succumbendō succubitum succubitū

    Descendants

    • Catalan: sucumbir
    • Dalmatian: succunbar
    • Galician: sucumbir
    • Old French: succomber
    • Portuguese: sucumbir
    • Spanish: sucumbir
    • Italian: soccombere
    • Piedmontese: socombe

    References

    • “succumbo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “succumbo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • “succumbo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
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