singa

See also: sing·a, singá, and siṅga

Bau Bidayuh

Etymology

From Malay singa, from Sanskrit सिंह (siṃhá, “lion”).

Noun

singa

lion (big cat Panthera leo)

Bavarian

Etymology

From Old High German singan, from Proto-West Germanic *singwan, from Proto-Germanic *singwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sengʷʰ-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsiŋɐ/
Hyphenation: sin‧ga

Verb

singa (past participle gsunga)

to sing

Conjugation

Conjugation of *singa*
	present	past	subjunctive
infinitive	singa
past participle	gsunga

1st person singular	sing	—	singad
2nd person singular	singst	—	singadst
3rd person singular	singt	—	singad
1st person plural	singan	—	singadn
2nd person plural	singts	—	singads
3rd person plural	singan	—	singadn

	imperative
singular	sing
plural	singts

Brunei Malay

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit सिंह (siṃhá, “lion”) (compare Malay singa).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /si.ŋa/

Noun

singa

lion (big cat Panthera leo)

Central Melanau

Etymology

From Malay singa, from Sanskrit सिंह (siṃhá, “lion”).

Noun

singa

lion (big cat Panthera leo)

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay singa, from Sanskrit सिंह (siṃhá, “lion”).

Pronunciation

(Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈsiŋa/ [ˈsi.ŋa]
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -iŋa
Syllabification: si‧nga

Noun

singa (plural singa-singa)

lion (big cat Panthera leo)

Descendants

→ Nalca: singa

Javanese

Romanization

singa

romanization of ꦱꦶꦔ

Kankanaey

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsiŋa/ [ˈsi̞ː.ŋʌ]
(parts of Bauko, Sabangan and Tadian) IPA^(key): /ˈhiŋa/ [ˈhi̞ː.ŋʌ]
Rhymes: -iŋa
Syllabification: si‧nga

Noun

sínga

act of making up, stirring up, poking (of fire)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms & variants of singa

Southern / Central
Mt. Province	Tadian	singa, (Lubon) hinga, (Banaao, Cadad-anan, Cagubatan, Dacudac, Lenga, Pandayan) honga
	Bauko	singa, (Banao, Bila, Otucan) hinga
	Sabangan	singa, (Tambingan, Supang, Data, Lagan, Losad, Poblacion) singa, (Bun-ayan, Pingad, Bao-angan, Camatagan, Napua, Gayang, Capinitan, Busa, Namatec) hinga

Derived terms

singaen

References

Morice Vanoverbergh (1933), “sínga”, in A Dictionary of Lepanto Igorot or Kankanay. As it is spoken at Bauco (Linguistische Anthropos-Bibliothek; XII)‎^[1], Mödling bei Wien, St. Gabriel, Österreich: Verlag der Internationalen Zeitschrift „Anthropos“, →OCLC, page 423

Lingala

Etymology

See Lingala nsinga.

Noun

singa

string, thread

Malay

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit सिंह (siṃhá, “lion”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [siŋə]
Rhymes: -iŋə, -ŋə, -ə
Rhymes: -a

Noun

singa (Jawi spelling سيڠا, plural singa-singa or singa²)

lion (big cat Panthera leo)

Descendants

→ Bau Bidayuh: singa
→ Central Melanau: singa
> Indonesian: singa (inherited)
- → Nalca: singa
→ Maranao: singa

Maranao

Noun

singa

lion

References

Howard P. McKaughan, Batua A. Macaraya (1967), A Maranao Dictionary‎^[2] (overall work in Maranao and English), University of Hawaii Press

Mori Bawah

Noun

singa

lion

Nalca

Etymology

From Indonesian singa, from Malay singa, from Sanskrit सिंह (siṃhá, “lion”).

Noun

singa

lion (big cat Panthera leo)

Spanish

Verb

singa

inflection of singar:
1. third-person singular present indicative
2. second-person singular imperative

Swahili

Pronunciation

Audio (Kenya): (file)

Noun

singa class X (plural only)

plural of usinga: straight hair

Tagalog

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /siˈŋa/ [sɪˈŋa]
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: si‧nga

Noun

singá (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜅ)

blowing of one's nose (to expel mucus)
mucus expelled through blowing
snapping sound made as if from the nose by felines
Synonym: singhal

Derived terms

isinga
pagsinga
pasingahin
singahan
suminga

Anagrams

Isang, sinag, saing, sangi, angis

Tooro

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /síːŋɡa/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-cìnga (“to rub, smear”).

Verb

-singa (infinitive okusinga) (transitive)

to rub, to scrub
Synonym: -kuuba

aboomeezi basinga amaino ― healthy people brush their teeth

Conjugation

Conjugation of -singa

infinitives

affirmative

okusinga

negative

okutasinga

imperatives

affirmative

singa

negative

(see second-person negative subjunctive forms)

tense

polarity

basic forms

relative forms¹

present habitual

affirmative

*subject concord* + -singa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nsinga	tusinga
second person		osinga	musinga
third person	1/2	asinga	basinga
	3/4	gusinga	esinga
	5/6	lisinga	gasinga
	7/8	kisinga	bisinga
	9/10	esinga	zisinga
	11/10	rusinga	zisinga
	12/14	kasinga	businga
	13	—	tusinga
	14/6	businga	gasinga
	15/6	kusinga	gasinga
	16	hasinga	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -singa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinsinga	titusinga
second person		tosinga	timusinga
third person	1/2	tasinga	tibasinga
	3/4	tigusinga	tesinga
	5/6	tirisinga	tigasinga
	7/8	tikisinga	tibisinga
	9/10	tesinga	tizisinga
	11/10	tirusinga	tizisinga
	12/14	tikasinga	tibusinga
	13	—	titusinga
	14/6	tibusinga	tigasinga
	15/6	tikusinga	tigasinga
	16	tihasinga	—

subject concord + -tasinga

present continuous

affirmative

ni- + *subject concord* + -singa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ninsinga	nitusinga
second person		noosinga	nimusinga
third person	1/2	naasinga	nibasinga
	3/4	nigusinga	neesinga
	5/6	nirisinga	nigasinga
	7/8	nikisinga	nibisinga
	9/10	neesinga	nizisinga
	11/10	nirusinga	nizisinga
	12/14	nikasinga	nibusinga
	13	—	nitusinga
	14/6	nibusinga	nigasinga
	15/6	nikusinga	nigasinga
	16	nihasinga	—

subject concord + -rukusinga

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -rukusinga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tindukusinga	titurukusinga
second person		torukusinga	timurukusinga
third person	1/2	tarukusinga	tibarukusinga
	3/4	tigurukusinga	terukusinga
	5/6	tirirukusinga	tigarukusinga
	7/8	tikirukusinga	tibirukusinga
	9/10	terukusinga	tizirukusinga
	11/10	tirurukusinga	tizirukusinga
	12/14	tikarukusinga	tiburukusinga
	13	—	titurukusinga
	14/6	tiburukusinga	tigarukusinga
	15/6	tikurukusinga	tigarukusinga
	16	tiharukusinga	—

subject concord + -tarukusinga

present continuative

affirmative

ni- + *subject concord* + -kyasinga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ninkyasinga	nitukyasinga
second person		nookyasinga	nimukyasinga
third person	1/2	naakyasinga	nibakyasinga
	3/4	nigukyasinga	neekyasinga
	5/6	nirikyasinga	nigakyasinga
	7/8	nikikyasinga	nibikyasinga
	9/10	neekyasinga	nizikyasinga
	11/10	nirukyasinga	nizikyasinga
	12/14	nikakyasinga	nibukyasinga
	13	—	nitukyasinga
	14/6	nibukyasinga	nigakyasinga
	15/6	nikukyasinga	nigakyasinga
	16	nihakyasinga	—

subject concord + -rukukyasinga

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -kyasinga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinkyasinga	titukyasinga
second person		tokyasinga	timukyasinga
third person	1/2	takyasinga	tibakyasinga
	3/4	tigukyasinga	tekyasinga
	5/6	tirikyasinga	tigakyasinga
	7/8	tikikyasinga	tibikyasinga
	9/10	tekyasinga	tizikyasinga
	11/10	tirukyasinga	tizikyasinga
	12/14	tikakyasinga	tibukyasinga
	13	—	titukyasinga
	14/6	tibukyasinga	tigakyasinga
	15/6	tikukyasinga	tigakyasinga
	16	tihakyasinga	—

subject concord + -takyasinga

virtual present

affirmative

*subject concord* + -asinga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nasinga	twasinga
second person		wasinga	mwasinga
third person	1/2	yasinga	baasinga
	3/4	gwasinga	yasinga
	5/6	lyasinga	gaasinga
	7/8	kyasinga	byasinga
	9/10	yasinga	zaasinga
	11/10	rwasinga	zaasinga
	12/14	kaasinga	bwasinga
	13	—	twasinga
	14/6	bwasinga	gaasinga
	15/6	kwasinga	gaasinga
	16	haasinga	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + asinga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinasinga	titwasinga
second person		tiwasinga	timwasinga
third person	1/2	tiyasinga	tibaasinga
	3/4	tigwasinga	tiyasinga
	5/6	tiryasinga	tigaasinga
	7/8	tikyasinga	tibyasinga
	9/10	tiyasinga	tizaasinga
	11/10	tirwasinga	tizaasinga
	12/14	tikaasinga	tibwasinga
	13	—	titwasinga
	14/6	tibwasinga	tigaasinga
	15/6	tikwasinga	tigaasinga
	16	tihaasinga	—

subject concord + -taasinga

present perfect

affirmative

*subject concord* + -singire
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nsingire	tusingire
second person		osingire	musingire
third person	1/2	asingire	basingire
	3/4	gusingire	esingire
	5/6	lisingire	gasingire
	7/8	kisingire	bisingire
	9/10	esingire	zisingire
	11/10	rusingire	zisingire
	12/14	kasingire	busingire
	13	—	tusingire
	14/6	busingire	gasingire
	15/6	kusingire	gasingire
	16	hasingire	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -singire
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinsingire	titusingire
second person		tosingire	timusingire
third person	1/2	tasingire	tibasingire
	3/4	tigusingire	tesingire
	5/6	tirisingire	tigasingire
	7/8	tikisingire	tibisingire
	9/10	tesingire	tizisingire
	11/10	tirusingire	tizisingire
	12/14	tikasingire	tibusingire
	13	—	titusingire
	14/6	tibusingire	tigasingire
	15/6	tikusingire	tigasingire
	16	tihasingire	—

subject concord + -tasingire

near perfective

affirmative

*subject concord* + -akasinga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nakasinga	twakasinga
second person		wakasinga	mwakasinga
third person	1/2	yakasinga	baakasinga
	3/4	gwakasinga	yakasinga
	5/6	lyakasinga	gaakasinga
	7/8	kyakasinga	byakasinga
	9/10	yakasinga	zaakasinga
	11/10	rwakasinga	zaakasinga
	12/14	kaakasinga	bwakasinga
	13	—	twakasinga
	14/6	bwakasinga	gaakasinga
	15/6	kwakasinga	gaakasinga
	16	haakasinga	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -kasingire
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinkasingire	titukasingire
second person		tokasingire	timukasingire
third person	1/2	takasingire	tibakasingire
	3/4	tigukasingire	tekasingire
	5/6	tirikasingire	tigakasingire
	7/8	tikikasingire	tibikasingire
	9/10	tekasingire	tizikasingire
	11/10	tirukasingire	tizikasingire
	12/14	tikakasingire	tibukasingire
	13	—	titukasingire
	14/6	tibukasingire	tigakasingire
	15/6	tikukasingire	tigakasingire
	16	tihakasingire	—

subject concord + -takasingire

near past

affirmative

*subject concord* + -singirege
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nsingirege	tusingirege
second person		osingirege	musingirege
third person	1/2	asingirege	basingirege
	3/4	gusingirege	esingirege
	5/6	lisingirege	gasingirege
	7/8	kisingirege	bisingirege
	9/10	esingirege	zisingirege
	11/10	rusingirege	zisingirege
	12/14	kasingirege	busingirege
	13	—	tusingirege
	14/6	busingirege	gasingirege
	15/6	kusingirege	gasingirege
	16	hasingirege	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -singirege
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinsingirege	titusingirege
second person		tosingirege	timusingirege
third person	1/2	tasingirege	tibasingirege
	3/4	tigusingirege	tesingirege
	5/6	tirisingirege	tigasingirege
	7/8	tikisingirege	tibisingirege
	9/10	tesingirege	tizisingirege
	11/10	tirusingirege	tizisingirege
	12/14	tikasingirege	tibusingirege
	13	—	titusingirege
	14/6	tibusingirege	tigasingirege
	15/6	tikusingirege	tigasingirege
	16	tihasingirege	—

subject concord + -tasingirege

remote past

affirmative

*subject concord* + -kasinga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nkasinga	tukasinga
second person		okasinga	mukasinga
third person	1/2	akasinga	bakasinga
	3/4	gukasinga	ekasinga
	5/6	likasinga	gakasinga
	7/8	kikasinga	bikasinga
	9/10	ekasinga	zikasinga
	11/10	rukasinga	zikasinga
	12/14	kakasinga	bukasinga
	13	—	tukasinga
	14/6	bukasinga	gakasinga
	15/6	kukasinga	gakasinga
	16	hakasinga	—

subject concord + -asingire

negative

*subject concord* + -tasinge
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ntasinge	tutasinge
second person		otasinge	mutasinge
third person	1/2	atasinge	batasinge
	3/4	gutasinge	etasinge
	5/6	litasinge	gatasinge
	7/8	kitasinge	bitasinge
	9/10	etasinge	ziitasinge
	11/10	rutasinge	ziitasinge
	12/14	katasinge	butasinge
	13	—	tutasinge
	14/6	butasinge	gatasinge
	15/6	kutasinge	gatasinge
	16	hatasinge	—

subject concord + -tarasingire

experiential perfective

affirmative

*subject concord* + -rasingire
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ndasingire	turasingire
second person		orasingire	murasingire
third person	1/2	arasingire	barasingire
	3/4	gurasingire	erasingire
	5/6	lirasingire	garasingire
	7/8	kirasingire	birasingire
	9/10	erasingire	zirasingire
	11/10	rurasingire	zirasingire
	12/14	karasingire	burasingire
	13	—	turasingire
	14/6	burasingire	garasingire
	15/6	kurasingire	garasingire
	16	harasingire	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -kasingaga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinkasingaga	titukasingaga
second person		tokasingaga	timukasingaga
third person	1/2	takasingaga	tibakasingaga
	3/4	tigukasingaga	tekasingaga
	5/6	tirikasingaga	tigakasingaga
	7/8	tikikasingaga	tibikasingaga
	9/10	tekasingaga	tizikasingaga
	11/10	tirukasingaga	tizikasingaga
	12/14	tikakasingaga	tibukasingaga
	13	—	titukasingaga
	14/6	tibukasingaga	tigakasingaga
	15/6	tikukasingaga	tigakasingaga
	16	tihakasingaga	—

subject concord + -takasingaga

cessative perfective

affirmative

*subject concord* + -aasingire
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		naasingire	twasingire
second person		waasingire	mwasingire
third person	1/2	yaasingire	baasingire
	3/4	gwasingire	yaasingire
	5/6	lyasingire	gaasingire
	7/8	kyasingire	byasingire
	9/10	yaasingire	zaasingire
	11/10	rwasingire	zaasingire
	12/14	kaasingire	bwasingire
	13	—	twasingire
	14/6	bwasingire	gaasingire
	15/6	kwasingire	gaasingire
	16	haasingire	—

past habitual

affirmative

*subject concord* + -asingaga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nasingaga	twasingaga
second person		wasingaga	mwasingaga
third person	1/2	yasingaga	baasingaga
	3/4	gwasingaga	yasingaga
	5/6	lyasingaga	gaasingaga
	7/8	kyasingaga	byasingaga
	9/10	yasingaga	zaasingaga
	11/10	rwasingaga	zaasingaga
	12/14	kaasingaga	bwasingaga
	13	—	twasingaga
	14/6	bwasingaga	gaasingaga
	15/6	kwasingaga	gaasingaga
	16	haasingaga	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + asingaga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinasingaga	titwasingaga
second person		tiwasingaga	timwasingaga
third person	1/2	tiyasingaga	tibaasingaga
	3/4	tigwasingaga	tiyasingaga
	5/6	tiryasingaga	tigaasingaga
	7/8	tikyasingaga	tibyasingaga
	9/10	tiyasingaga	tizaasingaga
	11/10	tirwasingaga	tizaasingaga
	12/14	tikaasingaga	tibwasingaga
	13	—	titwasingaga
	14/6	tibwasingaga	tigaasingaga
	15/6	tikwasingaga	tigaasingaga
	16	tihaasingaga	—

subject concord + -taasingaga

near future

affirmative

*subject concord* + -raasinga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ndaasinga	turaasinga
second person		oraasinga	muraasinga
third person	1/2	araasinga	baraasinga
	3/4	guraasinga	eraasinga
	5/6	liraasinga	garaasinga
	7/8	kiraasinga	biraasinga
	9/10	eraasinga	ziraasinga
	11/10	ruraasinga	ziraasinga
	12/14	karaasinga	buraasinga
	13	—	turaasinga
	14/6	buraasinga	garaasinga
	15/6	kuraasinga	garaasinga
	16	haraasinga	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -aasinge
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinaasinge	titwasinge
second person		tiwaasinge	timwasinge
third person	1/2	tiyaasinge	tibaasinge
	3/4	tigwasinge	tiyaasinge
	5/6	tiryasinge	tigaasinge
	7/8	tikyasinge	tibyasinge
	9/10	tiyaasinge	tizaasinge
	11/10	tirwasinge	tizaasinge
	12/14	tikaasinge	tibwasinge
	13	—	titwasinge
	14/6	tibwasinge	tigaasinge
	15/6	tikwasinge	tigaasinge
	16	tihaasinge	—

subject concord + -taasinge

remote future

affirmative

*subject concord* + -lisinga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ndisinga	tulisinga
second person		olisinga	mulisinga
third person	1/2	alisinga	balisinga
	3/4	gulisinga	erisinga
	5/6	lirisinga	galisinga
	7/8	kirisinga	birisinga
	9/10	erisinga	zirisinga
	11/10	rulisinga	zirisinga
	12/14	kalisinga	bulisinga
	13	—	tulisinga
	14/6	bulisinga	galisinga
	15/6	kulisinga	galisinga
	16	halisinga	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -lisinga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tindisinga	titulisinga
second person		tolisinga	timulisinga
third person	1/2	talisinga	tibalisinga
	3/4	tigulisinga	terisinga
	5/6	tiririsinga	tigalisinga
	7/8	tikirisinga	tibirisinga
	9/10	terisinga	tizirisinga
	11/10	tirulisinga	tizirisinga
	12/14	tikalisinga	tibulisinga
	13	—	titulisinga
	14/6	tibulisinga	tigalisinga
	15/6	tikulisinga	tigalisinga
	16	tihalisinga	—

subject concord + -talisinga

future habitual

affirmative

*subject concord* + -raasingaga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ndaasingaga	turaasingaga
second person		oraasingaga	muraasingaga
third person	1/2	araasingaga	baraasingaga
	3/4	guraasingaga	eraasingaga
	5/6	liraasingaga	garaasingaga
	7/8	kiraasingaga	biraasingaga
	9/10	eraasingaga	ziraasingaga
	11/10	ruraasingaga	ziraasingaga
	12/14	karaasingaga	buraasingaga
	13	—	turaasingaga
	14/6	buraasingaga	garaasingaga
	15/6	kuraasingaga	garaasingaga
	16	haraasingaga	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -aasingege
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinaasingege	titwasingege
second person		tiwaasingege	timwasingege
third person	1/2	tiyaasingege	tibaasingege
	3/4	tigwasingege	tiyaasingege
	5/6	tiryasingege	tigaasingege
	7/8	tikyasingege	tibyasingege
	9/10	tiyaasingege	tizaasingege
	11/10	tirwasingege	tizaasingege
	12/14	tikaasingege	tibwasingege
	13	—	titwasingege
	14/6	tibwasingege	tigaasingege
	15/6	tikwasingege	tigaasingege
	16	tihaasingege	—

subject concord + -taasingege

subjunctive

affirmative

*subject concord* + singe
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nsinge	tusinge
second person		osinge	musinge
third person	1/2	asinge	basinge
	3/4	gusinge	esinge
	5/6	lisinge	gasinge
	7/8	kisinge	bisinge
	9/10	esinge	zisinge
	11/10	rusinge	zisinge
	12/14	kasinge	businge
	13	—	tusinge
	14/6	businge	gasinge
	15/6	kusinge	gasinge
	16	hasinge	—

negative

*subject concord* + -tasinga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ntasinga	tutasinga
second person		otasinga	mutasinga
third person	1/2	atasinga	batasinga
	3/4	gutasinga	etasinga
	5/6	litasinga	gatasinga
	7/8	kitasinga	bitasinga
	9/10	etasinga	zitasinga
	11/10	rutasinga	zitasinga
	12/14	katasinga	butasinga
	13	—	tutasinga
	14/6	butasinga	gatasinga
	15/6	kutasinga	gatasinga
	16	hatasinga	—

—

subjunctive habitual

affirmative

*subject concord* + singege
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nsingege	tusingege
second person		osingege	musingege
third person	1/2	asingege	basingege
	3/4	gusingege	esingege
	5/6	lisingege	gasingege
	7/8	kisingege	bisingege
	9/10	esingege	zisingege
	11/10	rusingege	zisingege
	12/14	kasingege	busingege
	13	—	tusingege
	14/6	busingege	gasingege
	15/6	kusingege	gasingege
	16	hasingege	—

hypothetical

affirmative

*subject concord* + -aakusinga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		naakusinga	twakusinga
second person		waakusinga	mwakusinga
third person	1/2	yaakusinga	baakusinga
	3/4	gwakusinga	yaakusinga
	5/6	lyakusinga	gaakusinga
	7/8	kyakusinga	byakusinga
	9/10	yaakusinga	zaakusinga
	11/10	rwakusinga	zaakusinga
	12/14	kaakusinga	bwakusinga
	13	—	twakusinga
	14/6	bwakusinga	gaakusinga
	15/6	kwakusinga	gaakusinga
	16	haakusinga	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -aakusinga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinaakusinga	titwakusinga
second person		tiwaakusinga	timwakusinga
third person	1/2	tiyaakusinga	tibaakusinga
	3/4	tigwakusinga	tiyaakusinga
	5/6	tiryakusinga	tigaakusinga
	7/8	tikyakusinga	tibyakusinga
	9/10	tiyaakusinga	tizaakusinga
	11/10	tirwakusinga	tizaakusinga
	12/14	tikaakusinga	tibwakusinga
	13	—	titwakusinga
	14/6	tibwakusinga	tigaakusinga
	15/6	tikwakusinga	tigaakusinga
	16	tihaakusinga	—

subject concord + -taakusinga

conditional

affirmative

*subject concord* + -aakusingire
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		naakusingire	twakusingire
second person		waakusingire	mwakusingire
third person	1/2	yaakusingire	baakusingire
	3/4	gwakusingire	yaakusingire
	5/6	lyakusingire	gaakusingire
	7/8	kyakusingire	byakusingire
	9/10	yaakusingire	zaakusingire
	11/10	rwakusingire	zaakusingire
	12/14	kaakusingire	bwakusingire
	13	—	twakusingire
	14/6	bwakusingire	gaakusingire
	15/6	kwakusingire	gaakusingire
	16	haakusingire	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -aakusingire
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinaakusingire	titwakusingire
second person		tiwaakusingire	timwakusingire
third person	1/2	tiyaakusingire	tibaakusingire
	3/4	tigwakusingire	tiyaakusingire
	5/6	tiryakusingire	tigaakusingire
	7/8	tikyakusingire	tibyakusingire
	9/10	tiyaakusingire	tizaakusingire
	11/10	tirwakusingire	tizaakusingire
	12/14	tikaakusingire	tibwakusingire
	13	—	titwakusingire
	14/6	tibwakusingire	tigaakusingire
	15/6	tikwakusingire	tigaakusingire
	16	tihaakusingire	—

subject concord + -taakusingire

object concords
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		-nsinga	-tusinga
second person		-kusinga	-basinga
third person	1/2	-musinga	-basinga
	3/4	-gusinga	-gisinga
	5/6	-lisinga	-gasinga
	7/8	-kisinga	-bisinga
	9/10	-gisinga	-zisinga
	11/10	-rusinga	-zisinga
	12/14	-kasinga	-businga
	13	—	-tusinga
	14/6	-businga	-gasinga
	15/6	-kusinga	-gasinga
	16	-hasinga	—

¹ The forms in this column are reduced relative forms; full relative forms require an augment before the subject concord.

Derived terms

Verbal derivations:
- Applicative: -singira
- Long causative: -singisa
- Passive: -singwa

Etymology 2

Inherited from Common Bantu *-cínga (“to overcome”).

Verb

-singa (infinitive okusinga)

(transitive) to win, to defeat
(transitive) to pass (a test or examination)
(intransitive, of the king) to sit

Conjugation

Conjugation of -singa

infinitives

affirmative

okusinga

negative

okutasinga

imperatives

affirmative

singa

negative

(see second-person negative subjunctive forms)

tense

polarity

basic forms

relative forms¹

present habitual

affirmative

*subject concord* + -singa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nsinga	tusinga
second person		osinga	musinga
third person	1/2	asinga	basinga
	3/4	gusinga	esinga
	5/6	lisinga	gasinga
	7/8	kisinga	bisinga
	9/10	esinga	zisinga
	11/10	rusinga	zisinga
	12/14	kasinga	businga
	13	—	tusinga
	14/6	businga	gasinga
	15/6	kusinga	gasinga
	16	hasinga	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -singa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinsinga	titusinga
second person		tosinga	timusinga
third person	1/2	tasinga	tibasinga
	3/4	tigusinga	tesinga
	5/6	tirisinga	tigasinga
	7/8	tikisinga	tibisinga
	9/10	tesinga	tizisinga
	11/10	tirusinga	tizisinga
	12/14	tikasinga	tibusinga
	13	—	titusinga
	14/6	tibusinga	tigasinga
	15/6	tikusinga	tigasinga
	16	tihasinga	—

subject concord + -tasinga

present continuous

affirmative

ni- + *subject concord* + -singa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ninsinga	nitusinga
second person		noosinga	nimusinga
third person	1/2	naasinga	nibasinga
	3/4	nigusinga	neesinga
	5/6	nirisinga	nigasinga
	7/8	nikisinga	nibisinga
	9/10	neesinga	nizisinga
	11/10	nirusinga	nizisinga
	12/14	nikasinga	nibusinga
	13	—	nitusinga
	14/6	nibusinga	nigasinga
	15/6	nikusinga	nigasinga
	16	nihasinga	—

subject concord + -rukusinga

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -rukusinga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tindukusinga	titurukusinga
second person		torukusinga	timurukusinga
third person	1/2	tarukusinga	tibarukusinga
	3/4	tigurukusinga	terukusinga
	5/6	tirirukusinga	tigarukusinga
	7/8	tikirukusinga	tibirukusinga
	9/10	terukusinga	tizirukusinga
	11/10	tirurukusinga	tizirukusinga
	12/14	tikarukusinga	tiburukusinga
	13	—	titurukusinga
	14/6	tiburukusinga	tigarukusinga
	15/6	tikurukusinga	tigarukusinga
	16	tiharukusinga	—

subject concord + -tarukusinga

present continuative

affirmative

ni- + *subject concord* + -kyasinga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ninkyasinga	nitukyasinga
second person		nookyasinga	nimukyasinga
third person	1/2	naakyasinga	nibakyasinga
	3/4	nigukyasinga	neekyasinga
	5/6	nirikyasinga	nigakyasinga
	7/8	nikikyasinga	nibikyasinga
	9/10	neekyasinga	nizikyasinga
	11/10	nirukyasinga	nizikyasinga
	12/14	nikakyasinga	nibukyasinga
	13	—	nitukyasinga
	14/6	nibukyasinga	nigakyasinga
	15/6	nikukyasinga	nigakyasinga
	16	nihakyasinga	—

subject concord + -rukukyasinga

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -kyasinga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinkyasinga	titukyasinga
second person		tokyasinga	timukyasinga
third person	1/2	takyasinga	tibakyasinga
	3/4	tigukyasinga	tekyasinga
	5/6	tirikyasinga	tigakyasinga
	7/8	tikikyasinga	tibikyasinga
	9/10	tekyasinga	tizikyasinga
	11/10	tirukyasinga	tizikyasinga
	12/14	tikakyasinga	tibukyasinga
	13	—	titukyasinga
	14/6	tibukyasinga	tigakyasinga
	15/6	tikukyasinga	tigakyasinga
	16	tihakyasinga	—

subject concord + -takyasinga

virtual present

affirmative

*subject concord* + -asinga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nasinga	twasinga
second person		wasinga	mwasinga
third person	1/2	yasinga	baasinga
	3/4	gwasinga	yasinga
	5/6	lyasinga	gaasinga
	7/8	kyasinga	byasinga
	9/10	yasinga	zaasinga
	11/10	rwasinga	zaasinga
	12/14	kaasinga	bwasinga
	13	—	twasinga
	14/6	bwasinga	gaasinga
	15/6	kwasinga	gaasinga
	16	haasinga	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + asinga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinasinga	titwasinga
second person		tiwasinga	timwasinga
third person	1/2	tiyasinga	tibaasinga
	3/4	tigwasinga	tiyasinga
	5/6	tiryasinga	tigaasinga
	7/8	tikyasinga	tibyasinga
	9/10	tiyasinga	tizaasinga
	11/10	tirwasinga	tizaasinga
	12/14	tikaasinga	tibwasinga
	13	—	titwasinga
	14/6	tibwasinga	tigaasinga
	15/6	tikwasinga	tigaasinga
	16	tihaasinga	—

subject concord + -taasinga

present perfect

affirmative

*subject concord* + -singire
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nsingire	tusingire
second person		osingire	musingire
third person	1/2	asingire	basingire
	3/4	gusingire	esingire
	5/6	lisingire	gasingire
	7/8	kisingire	bisingire
	9/10	esingire	zisingire
	11/10	rusingire	zisingire
	12/14	kasingire	busingire
	13	—	tusingire
	14/6	busingire	gasingire
	15/6	kusingire	gasingire
	16	hasingire	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -singire
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinsingire	titusingire
second person		tosingire	timusingire
third person	1/2	tasingire	tibasingire
	3/4	tigusingire	tesingire
	5/6	tirisingire	tigasingire
	7/8	tikisingire	tibisingire
	9/10	tesingire	tizisingire
	11/10	tirusingire	tizisingire
	12/14	tikasingire	tibusingire
	13	—	titusingire
	14/6	tibusingire	tigasingire
	15/6	tikusingire	tigasingire
	16	tihasingire	—

subject concord + -tasingire

near perfective

affirmative

*subject concord* + -akasinga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nakasinga	twakasinga
second person		wakasinga	mwakasinga
third person	1/2	yakasinga	baakasinga
	3/4	gwakasinga	yakasinga
	5/6	lyakasinga	gaakasinga
	7/8	kyakasinga	byakasinga
	9/10	yakasinga	zaakasinga
	11/10	rwakasinga	zaakasinga
	12/14	kaakasinga	bwakasinga
	13	—	twakasinga
	14/6	bwakasinga	gaakasinga
	15/6	kwakasinga	gaakasinga
	16	haakasinga	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -kasingire
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinkasingire	titukasingire
second person		tokasingire	timukasingire
third person	1/2	takasingire	tibakasingire
	3/4	tigukasingire	tekasingire
	5/6	tirikasingire	tigakasingire
	7/8	tikikasingire	tibikasingire
	9/10	tekasingire	tizikasingire
	11/10	tirukasingire	tizikasingire
	12/14	tikakasingire	tibukasingire
	13	—	titukasingire
	14/6	tibukasingire	tigakasingire
	15/6	tikukasingire	tigakasingire
	16	tihakasingire	—

subject concord + -takasingire

near past

affirmative

*subject concord* + -singirege
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nsingirege	tusingirege
second person		osingirege	musingirege
third person	1/2	asingirege	basingirege
	3/4	gusingirege	esingirege
	5/6	lisingirege	gasingirege
	7/8	kisingirege	bisingirege
	9/10	esingirege	zisingirege
	11/10	rusingirege	zisingirege
	12/14	kasingirege	busingirege
	13	—	tusingirege
	14/6	busingirege	gasingirege
	15/6	kusingirege	gasingirege
	16	hasingirege	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -singirege
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinsingirege	titusingirege
second person		tosingirege	timusingirege
third person	1/2	tasingirege	tibasingirege
	3/4	tigusingirege	tesingirege
	5/6	tirisingirege	tigasingirege
	7/8	tikisingirege	tibisingirege
	9/10	tesingirege	tizisingirege
	11/10	tirusingirege	tizisingirege
	12/14	tikasingirege	tibusingirege
	13	—	titusingirege
	14/6	tibusingirege	tigasingirege
	15/6	tikusingirege	tigasingirege
	16	tihasingirege	—

subject concord + -tasingirege

remote past

affirmative

*subject concord* + -kasinga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nkasinga	tukasinga
second person		okasinga	mukasinga
third person	1/2	akasinga	bakasinga
	3/4	gukasinga	ekasinga
	5/6	likasinga	gakasinga
	7/8	kikasinga	bikasinga
	9/10	ekasinga	zikasinga
	11/10	rukasinga	zikasinga
	12/14	kakasinga	bukasinga
	13	—	tukasinga
	14/6	bukasinga	gakasinga
	15/6	kukasinga	gakasinga
	16	hakasinga	—

subject concord + -asingire

negative

*subject concord* + -tasinge
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ntasinge	tutasinge
second person		otasinge	mutasinge
third person	1/2	atasinge	batasinge
	3/4	gutasinge	etasinge
	5/6	litasinge	gatasinge
	7/8	kitasinge	bitasinge
	9/10	etasinge	ziitasinge
	11/10	rutasinge	ziitasinge
	12/14	katasinge	butasinge
	13	—	tutasinge
	14/6	butasinge	gatasinge
	15/6	kutasinge	gatasinge
	16	hatasinge	—

subject concord + -tarasingire

experiential perfective

affirmative

*subject concord* + -rasingire
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ndasingire	turasingire
second person		orasingire	murasingire
third person	1/2	arasingire	barasingire
	3/4	gurasingire	erasingire
	5/6	lirasingire	garasingire
	7/8	kirasingire	birasingire
	9/10	erasingire	zirasingire
	11/10	rurasingire	zirasingire
	12/14	karasingire	burasingire
	13	—	turasingire
	14/6	burasingire	garasingire
	15/6	kurasingire	garasingire
	16	harasingire	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -kasingaga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinkasingaga	titukasingaga
second person		tokasingaga	timukasingaga
third person	1/2	takasingaga	tibakasingaga
	3/4	tigukasingaga	tekasingaga
	5/6	tirikasingaga	tigakasingaga
	7/8	tikikasingaga	tibikasingaga
	9/10	tekasingaga	tizikasingaga
	11/10	tirukasingaga	tizikasingaga
	12/14	tikakasingaga	tibukasingaga
	13	—	titukasingaga
	14/6	tibukasingaga	tigakasingaga
	15/6	tikukasingaga	tigakasingaga
	16	tihakasingaga	—

subject concord + -takasingaga

cessative perfective

affirmative

*subject concord* + -aasingire
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		naasingire	twasingire
second person		waasingire	mwasingire
third person	1/2	yaasingire	baasingire
	3/4	gwasingire	yaasingire
	5/6	lyasingire	gaasingire
	7/8	kyasingire	byasingire
	9/10	yaasingire	zaasingire
	11/10	rwasingire	zaasingire
	12/14	kaasingire	bwasingire
	13	—	twasingire
	14/6	bwasingire	gaasingire
	15/6	kwasingire	gaasingire
	16	haasingire	—

past habitual

affirmative

*subject concord* + -asingaga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nasingaga	twasingaga
second person		wasingaga	mwasingaga
third person	1/2	yasingaga	baasingaga
	3/4	gwasingaga	yasingaga
	5/6	lyasingaga	gaasingaga
	7/8	kyasingaga	byasingaga
	9/10	yasingaga	zaasingaga
	11/10	rwasingaga	zaasingaga
	12/14	kaasingaga	bwasingaga
	13	—	twasingaga
	14/6	bwasingaga	gaasingaga
	15/6	kwasingaga	gaasingaga
	16	haasingaga	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + asingaga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinasingaga	titwasingaga
second person		tiwasingaga	timwasingaga
third person	1/2	tiyasingaga	tibaasingaga
	3/4	tigwasingaga	tiyasingaga
	5/6	tiryasingaga	tigaasingaga
	7/8	tikyasingaga	tibyasingaga
	9/10	tiyasingaga	tizaasingaga
	11/10	tirwasingaga	tizaasingaga
	12/14	tikaasingaga	tibwasingaga
	13	—	titwasingaga
	14/6	tibwasingaga	tigaasingaga
	15/6	tikwasingaga	tigaasingaga
	16	tihaasingaga	—

subject concord + -taasingaga

near future

affirmative

*subject concord* + -raasinga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ndaasinga	turaasinga
second person		oraasinga	muraasinga
third person	1/2	araasinga	baraasinga
	3/4	guraasinga	eraasinga
	5/6	liraasinga	garaasinga
	7/8	kiraasinga	biraasinga
	9/10	eraasinga	ziraasinga
	11/10	ruraasinga	ziraasinga
	12/14	karaasinga	buraasinga
	13	—	turaasinga
	14/6	buraasinga	garaasinga
	15/6	kuraasinga	garaasinga
	16	haraasinga	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -aasinge
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinaasinge	titwasinge
second person		tiwaasinge	timwasinge
third person	1/2	tiyaasinge	tibaasinge
	3/4	tigwasinge	tiyaasinge
	5/6	tiryasinge	tigaasinge
	7/8	tikyasinge	tibyasinge
	9/10	tiyaasinge	tizaasinge
	11/10	tirwasinge	tizaasinge
	12/14	tikaasinge	tibwasinge
	13	—	titwasinge
	14/6	tibwasinge	tigaasinge
	15/6	tikwasinge	tigaasinge
	16	tihaasinge	—

subject concord + -taasinge

remote future

affirmative

*subject concord* + -lisinga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ndisinga	tulisinga
second person		olisinga	mulisinga
third person	1/2	alisinga	balisinga
	3/4	gulisinga	erisinga
	5/6	lirisinga	galisinga
	7/8	kirisinga	birisinga
	9/10	erisinga	zirisinga
	11/10	rulisinga	zirisinga
	12/14	kalisinga	bulisinga
	13	—	tulisinga
	14/6	bulisinga	galisinga
	15/6	kulisinga	galisinga
	16	halisinga	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -lisinga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tindisinga	titulisinga
second person		tolisinga	timulisinga
third person	1/2	talisinga	tibalisinga
	3/4	tigulisinga	terisinga
	5/6	tiririsinga	tigalisinga
	7/8	tikirisinga	tibirisinga
	9/10	terisinga	tizirisinga
	11/10	tirulisinga	tizirisinga
	12/14	tikalisinga	tibulisinga
	13	—	titulisinga
	14/6	tibulisinga	tigalisinga
	15/6	tikulisinga	tigalisinga
	16	tihalisinga	—

subject concord + -talisinga

future habitual

affirmative

*subject concord* + -raasingaga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ndaasingaga	turaasingaga
second person		oraasingaga	muraasingaga
third person	1/2	araasingaga	baraasingaga
	3/4	guraasingaga	eraasingaga
	5/6	liraasingaga	garaasingaga
	7/8	kiraasingaga	biraasingaga
	9/10	eraasingaga	ziraasingaga
	11/10	ruraasingaga	ziraasingaga
	12/14	karaasingaga	buraasingaga
	13	—	turaasingaga
	14/6	buraasingaga	garaasingaga
	15/6	kuraasingaga	garaasingaga
	16	haraasingaga	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -aasingege
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinaasingege	titwasingege
second person		tiwaasingege	timwasingege
third person	1/2	tiyaasingege	tibaasingege
	3/4	tigwasingege	tiyaasingege
	5/6	tiryasingege	tigaasingege
	7/8	tikyasingege	tibyasingege
	9/10	tiyaasingege	tizaasingege
	11/10	tirwasingege	tizaasingege
	12/14	tikaasingege	tibwasingege
	13	—	titwasingege
	14/6	tibwasingege	tigaasingege
	15/6	tikwasingege	tigaasingege
	16	tihaasingege	—

subject concord + -taasingege

subjunctive

affirmative

*subject concord* + singe
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nsinge	tusinge
second person		osinge	musinge
third person	1/2	asinge	basinge
	3/4	gusinge	esinge
	5/6	lisinge	gasinge
	7/8	kisinge	bisinge
	9/10	esinge	zisinge
	11/10	rusinge	zisinge
	12/14	kasinge	businge
	13	—	tusinge
	14/6	businge	gasinge
	15/6	kusinge	gasinge
	16	hasinge	—

negative

*subject concord* + -tasinga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ntasinga	tutasinga
second person		otasinga	mutasinga
third person	1/2	atasinga	batasinga
	3/4	gutasinga	etasinga
	5/6	litasinga	gatasinga
	7/8	kitasinga	bitasinga
	9/10	etasinga	zitasinga
	11/10	rutasinga	zitasinga
	12/14	katasinga	butasinga
	13	—	tutasinga
	14/6	butasinga	gatasinga
	15/6	kutasinga	gatasinga
	16	hatasinga	—

—

subjunctive habitual

affirmative

*subject concord* + singege
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nsingege	tusingege
second person		osingege	musingege
third person	1/2	asingege	basingege
	3/4	gusingege	esingege
	5/6	lisingege	gasingege
	7/8	kisingege	bisingege
	9/10	esingege	zisingege
	11/10	rusingege	zisingege
	12/14	kasingege	busingege
	13	—	tusingege
	14/6	busingege	gasingege
	15/6	kusingege	gasingege
	16	hasingege	—

hypothetical

affirmative

*subject concord* + -aakusinga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		naakusinga	twakusinga
second person		waakusinga	mwakusinga
third person	1/2	yaakusinga	baakusinga
	3/4	gwakusinga	yaakusinga
	5/6	lyakusinga	gaakusinga
	7/8	kyakusinga	byakusinga
	9/10	yaakusinga	zaakusinga
	11/10	rwakusinga	zaakusinga
	12/14	kaakusinga	bwakusinga
	13	—	twakusinga
	14/6	bwakusinga	gaakusinga
	15/6	kwakusinga	gaakusinga
	16	haakusinga	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -aakusinga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinaakusinga	titwakusinga
second person		tiwaakusinga	timwakusinga
third person	1/2	tiyaakusinga	tibaakusinga
	3/4	tigwakusinga	tiyaakusinga
	5/6	tiryakusinga	tigaakusinga
	7/8	tikyakusinga	tibyakusinga
	9/10	tiyaakusinga	tizaakusinga
	11/10	tirwakusinga	tizaakusinga
	12/14	tikaakusinga	tibwakusinga
	13	—	titwakusinga
	14/6	tibwakusinga	tigaakusinga
	15/6	tikwakusinga	tigaakusinga
	16	tihaakusinga	—

subject concord + -taakusinga

conditional

affirmative

*subject concord* + -aakusingire
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		naakusingire	twakusingire
second person		waakusingire	mwakusingire
third person	1/2	yaakusingire	baakusingire
	3/4	gwakusingire	yaakusingire
	5/6	lyakusingire	gaakusingire
	7/8	kyakusingire	byakusingire
	9/10	yaakusingire	zaakusingire
	11/10	rwakusingire	zaakusingire
	12/14	kaakusingire	bwakusingire
	13	—	twakusingire
	14/6	bwakusingire	gaakusingire
	15/6	kwakusingire	gaakusingire
	16	haakusingire	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -aakusingire
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinaakusingire	titwakusingire
second person		tiwaakusingire	timwakusingire
third person	1/2	tiyaakusingire	tibaakusingire
	3/4	tigwakusingire	tiyaakusingire
	5/6	tiryakusingire	tigaakusingire
	7/8	tikyakusingire	tibyakusingire
	9/10	tiyaakusingire	tizaakusingire
	11/10	tirwakusingire	tizaakusingire
	12/14	tikaakusingire	tibwakusingire
	13	—	titwakusingire
	14/6	tibwakusingire	tigaakusingire
	15/6	tikwakusingire	tigaakusingire
	16	tihaakusingire	—

subject concord + -taakusingire

object concords
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		-nsinga	-tusinga
second person		-kusinga	-basinga
third person	1/2	-musinga	-basinga
	3/4	-gusinga	-gisinga
	5/6	-lisinga	-gasinga
	7/8	-kisinga	-bisinga
	9/10	-gisinga	-zisinga
	11/10	-rusinga	-zisinga
	12/14	-kasinga	-businga
	13	—	-tusinga
	14/6	-businga	-gasinga
	15/6	-kusinga	-gasinga
	16	-hasinga	—

¹ The forms in this column are reduced relative forms; full relative forms require an augment before the subject concord.

Derived terms

Verbal derivations:
- Applicative: -singira
- Long causative: -singisa
- Passive: -singwa
- Transitive: -singura

References

Kaji, Shigeki (2007), A Rutooro Vocabulary‎^[3], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, pages 236, 295, 307
Rubongoya, L. T. (2013), Katondogorozi y'Orunyoro-Rutooro n'Orungereza [Runyoro–Rutooro-English and English-Runyoro–Rutooro dictionary]‎^[4], Kampala: Modrug Publishers, →ISBN, page 367
Entry 620 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3
Entry 9717 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-singa^?

(transitive) to head for

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /siːnɡa/

Verb

-singa

(transitive) to concentrate on
(transitive) to shave (cut off hair)

Inflection

tone L (infinitive *ukusinga*)
imperative
	positive	negative
infinitive	ukusinga	ukungasingi

	simple	+ object concord
singular	singa	-singe
plural	singani	-singeni

present
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngiyasinga, ngisinga	engisingayo, engisinga	ngisinga	angisingi	engingasingi	ngingasingi
2nd singular	uyasinga, usinga	osingayo, osinga	usinga	awusingi	ongasingi	ungasingi
1st plural	siyasinga, sisinga	esisingayo, esisinga	sisinga	asisingi	esingasingi	singasingi
2nd plural	niyasinga, nisinga	enisingayo, enisinga	nisinga	anisingi	eningasingi	ningasingi
class 1	uyasinga, usinga	osingayo, osinga	esinga	akasingi	ongasingi	engasingi
class 2	bayasinga, basinga	abasingayo, abasinga	besinga	abasingi	abangasingi	bengasingi
class 3	uyasinga, usinga	osingayo, osinga	usinga	awusingi	ongasingi	ungasingi
class 4	iyasinga, isinga	esingayo, esinga	isinga	ayisingi	engasingi	ingasingi
class 5	liyasinga, lisinga	elisingayo, elisinga	lisinga	alisingi	elingasingi	lingasingi
class 6	ayasinga, asinga	asingayo, asinga	esinga	awasingi	angasingi	engasingi
class 7	siyasinga, sisinga	esisingayo, esisinga	sisinga	asisingi	esingasingi	singasingi
class 8	ziyasinga, zisinga	ezisingayo, ezisinga	zisinga	azisingi	ezingasingi	zingasingi
class 9	iyasinga, isinga	esingayo, esinga	isinga	ayisingi	engasingi	ingasingi
class 10	ziyasinga, zisinga	ezisingayo, ezisinga	zisinga	azisingi	ezingasingi	zingasingi
class 11	luyasinga, lusinga	olusingayo, olusinga	lusinga	alusingi	olungasingi	lungasingi
class 14	buyasinga, businga	obusingayo, obusinga	businga	abusingi	obungasingi	bungasingi
class 15	kuyasinga, kusinga	okusingayo, okusinga	kusinga	akusingi	okungasingi	kungasingi
class 17	kuyasinga, kusinga	okusingayo, okusinga	kusinga	akusingi	okungasingi	kungasingi

recent past
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngisingile, ngisingē	engisingile, engisingē	ngisingile, ngisingē	angisinganga	engingasinganga	ngingasinganga
2nd singular	usingile, usingē	osingile, osingē	usingile, usingē	awusinganga	ongasinganga	ungasinganga
1st plural	sisingile, sisingē	esisingile, esisingē	sisingile, sisingē	asisinganga	esingasinganga	singasinganga
2nd plural	nisingile, nisingē	enisingile, enisingē	nisingile, nisingē	anisinganga	eningasinganga	ningasinganga
class 1	usingile, usingē	osingile, osingē	esingile, esingē	akasinganga	ongasinganga	engasinganga
class 2	basingile, basingē	abasingile, abasingē	besingile, besingē	abasinganga	abangasinganga	bengasinganga
class 3	usingile, usingē	osingile, osingē	usingile, usingē	awusinganga	ongasinganga	ungasinganga
class 4	isingile, isingē	esingile, esingē	isingile, isingē	ayisinganga	engasinganga	ingasinganga
class 5	lisingile, lisingē	elisingile, elisingē	lisingile, lisingē	alisinganga	elingasinganga	lingasinganga
class 6	asingile, asingē	asingile, asingē	esingile, esingē	awasinganga	angasinganga	engasinganga
class 7	sisingile, sisingē	esisingile, esisingē	sisingile, sisingē	asisinganga	esingasinganga	singasinganga
class 8	zisingile, zisingē	ezisingile, ezisingē	zisingile, zisingē	azisinganga	ezingasinganga	zingasinganga
class 9	isingile, isingē	esingile, esingē	isingile, isingē	ayisinganga	engasinganga	ingasinganga
class 10	zisingile, zisingē	ezisingile, ezisingē	zisingile, zisingē	azisinganga	ezingasinganga	zingasinganga
class 11	lusingile, lusingē	olusingile, olusingē	lusingile, lusingē	alusinganga	olungasinganga	lungasinganga
class 14	busingile, busingē	obusingile, obusingē	busingile, busingē	abusinganga	obungasinganga	bungasinganga
class 15	kusingile, kusingē	okusingile, okusingē	kusingile, kusingē	akusinganga	okungasinganga	kungasinganga
class 17	kusingile, kusingē	okusingile, okusingē	kusingile, kusingē	akusinganga	okungasinganga	kungasinganga

remote past
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngāsinga	engāsinga	ngāsinga	angisinganga	engingasinganga	ngingasinganga
2nd singular	wāsinga	owāsinga	wāsinga	awusinganga	ongasinganga	ungasinganga
1st plural	sāsinga	esāsinga	sāsinga	asisinganga	esingasinganga	singasinganga
2nd plural	nāsinga	enāsinga	nāsinga	anisinganga	eningasinganga	ningasinganga
class 1	wāsinga	owāsinga	āsinga	akasinganga	ongasinganga	engasinganga
class 2	bāsinga	abāsinga	bāsinga	abasinganga	abangasinganga	bengasinganga
class 3	wāsinga	owāsinga	wāsinga	awusinganga	ongasinganga	ungasinganga
class 4	yāsinga	eyāsinga	yāsinga	ayisinganga	engasinganga	ingasinganga
class 5	lāsinga	elāsinga	lāsinga	alisinganga	elingasinganga	lingasinganga
class 6	āsinga	āsinga	āsinga	awasinganga	angasinganga	engasinganga
class 7	sāsinga	esāsinga	sāsinga	asisinganga	esingasinganga	singasinganga
class 8	zāsinga	ezāsinga	zāsinga	azisinganga	ezingasinganga	zingasinganga
class 9	yāsinga	eyāsinga	yāsinga	ayisinganga	engasinganga	ingasinganga
class 10	zāsinga	ezāsinga	zāsinga	azisinganga	ezingasinganga	zingasinganga
class 11	lwāsinga	olwāsinga	lwāsinga	alusinganga	olungasinganga	lungasinganga
class 14	bāsinga	obāsinga	bāsinga	abusinganga	obungasinganga	bungasinganga
class 15	kwāsinga	okwāsinga	kwāsinga	akusinganga	okungasinganga	kungasinganga
class 17	kwāsinga	okwāsinga	kwāsinga	akusinganga	okungasinganga	kungasinganga

potential
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngingasinga	—	ngingasinga	ngingesinge	—	ngingesinge
2nd singular	ungasinga	—	ungasinga	ungesinge	—	ungesinge
1st plural	singasinga	—	singasinga	singesinge	—	singesinge
2nd plural	ningasinga	—	ningasinga	ningesinge	—	ningesinge
class 1	angasinga	—	engasinga	angesinge	—	engesinge
class 2	bangasinga	—	bengasinga	bangesinge	—	bengesinge
class 3	ungasinga	—	ungasinga	ungesinge	—	ungesinge
class 4	ingasinga	—	ingasinga	ingesinge	—	ingesinge
class 5	lingasinga	—	lingasinga	lingesinge	—	lingesinge
class 6	angasinga	—	engasinga	angesinge	—	engesinge
class 7	singasinga	—	singasinga	singesinge	—	singesinge
class 8	zingasinga	—	zingasinga	zingesinge	—	zingesinge
class 9	ingasinga	—	ingasinga	ingesinge	—	ingesinge
class 10	zingasinga	—	zingasinga	zingesinge	—	zingesinge
class 11	lungasinga	—	lungasinga	lungesinge	—	lungesinge
class 14	bungasinga	—	bungasinga	bungesinge	—	bungesinge
class 15	kungasinga	—	kungasinga	kungesinge	—	kungesinge
class 17	kungasinga	—	kungasinga	kungesinge	—	kungesinge

immediate future
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngizosinga	engizosinga	ngizosinga	angizusinga	engingezusinga	ngingezusinga
2nd singular	uzosinga	ozosinga	uzosinga	awuzusinga	ongezusinga	ungezusinga
1st plural	sizosinga	esizosinga	sizosinga	asizusinga	esingezusinga	singezusinga
2nd plural	nizosinga	enizosinga	nizosinga	anizusinga	eningezusinga	ningezusinga
class 1	uzosinga	ozosinga	ezosinga	akazusinga	ongezusinga	engezusinga
class 2	bazosinga	abazosinga	bezosinga	abazusinga	abangezusinga	bengezusinga
class 3	uzosinga	ozosinga	uzosinga	awuzusinga	ongezusinga	ungezusinga
class 4	izosinga	ezosinga	izosinga	ayizusinga	engezusinga	ingezusinga
class 5	lizosinga	elizosinga	lizosinga	alizusinga	elingezusinga	lingezusinga
class 6	azosinga	azosinga	ezosinga	awazusinga	angezusinga	engezusinga
class 7	sizosinga	esizosinga	sizosinga	asizusinga	esingezusinga	singezusinga
class 8	zizosinga	ezizosinga	zizosinga	azizusinga	ezingezusinga	zingezusinga
class 9	izosinga	ezosinga	izosinga	ayizusinga	engezusinga	ingezusinga
class 10	zizosinga	ezizosinga	zizosinga	azizusinga	ezingezusinga	zingezusinga
class 11	luzosinga	oluzosinga	luzosinga	aluzusinga	olungezusinga	lungezusinga
class 14	buzosinga	obuzosinga	buzosinga	abuzusinga	obungezusinga	bungezusinga
class 15	kuzosinga	okuzosinga	kuzosinga	akuzusinga	okungezusinga	kungezusinga
class 17	kuzosinga	okuzosinga	kuzosinga	akuzusinga	okungezusinga	kungezusinga

remote future
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngiyosinga	engiyosinga	ngiyosinga	angiyusinga	engingeyusinga	ngingeyusinga
2nd singular	uyosinga	oyosinga	uyosinga	awuyusinga	ongeyusinga	ungeyusinga
1st plural	siyosinga	esiyosinga	siyosinga	asiyusinga	esingeyusinga	singeyusinga
2nd plural	niyosinga	eniyosinga	niyosinga	aniyusinga	eningeyusinga	ningeyusinga
class 1	uyosinga	oyosinga	eyosinga	akayusinga	ongeyusinga	engeyusinga
class 2	bayosinga	abayosinga	beyosinga	abayusinga	abangeyusinga	bengeyusinga
class 3	uyosinga	oyosinga	uyosinga	awuyusinga	ongeyusinga	ungeyusinga
class 4	iyosinga	eyosinga	iyosinga	ayiyusinga	engeyusinga	ingeyusinga
class 5	liyosinga	eliyosinga	liyosinga	aliyusinga	elingeyusinga	lingeyusinga
class 6	ayosinga	ayosinga	eyosinga	awayusinga	angeyusinga	engeyusinga
class 7	siyosinga	esiyosinga	siyosinga	asiyusinga	esingeyusinga	singeyusinga
class 8	ziyosinga	eziyosinga	ziyosinga	aziyusinga	ezingeyusinga	zingeyusinga
class 9	iyosinga	eyosinga	iyosinga	ayiyusinga	engeyusinga	ingeyusinga
class 10	ziyosinga	eziyosinga	ziyosinga	aziyusinga	ezingeyusinga	zingeyusinga
class 11	luyosinga	oluyosinga	luyosinga	aluyusinga	olungeyusinga	lungeyusinga
class 14	buyosinga	obuyosinga	buyosinga	abuyusinga	obungeyusinga	bungeyusinga
class 15	kuyosinga	okuyosinga	kuyosinga	akuyusinga	okungeyusinga	kungeyusinga
class 17	kuyosinga	okuyosinga	kuyosinga	akuyusinga	okungeyusinga	kungeyusinga

present subjunctive
	positive	negative
1st singular	ngisinge	ngingasingi
2nd singular	usinge	ungasingi
1st plural	sisinge	singasingi
2nd plural	nisinge	ningasingi
class 1	asinge	angasingi
class 2	basinge	bangasingi
class 3	usinge	ungasingi
class 4	isinge	ingasingi
class 5	lisinge	lingasingi
class 6	asinge	angasingi
class 7	sisinge	singasingi
class 8	zisinge	zingasingi
class 9	isinge	ingasingi
class 10	zisinge	zingasingi
class 11	lusinge	lungasingi
class 14	businge	bungasingi
class 15	kusinge	kungasingi
class 17	kusinge	kungasingi

past subjunctive
	positive	negative
1st singular	ngasinga	ngangasinga, angasinga, angangasinga
2nd singular	wasinga	wangasinga, awasinga, awangasinga
1st plural	sasinga	sangasinga, asasinga, asangasinga
2nd plural	nasinga	nangasinga, anasinga, anangasinga
class 1	wasinga	wangasinga, akasinga, akangasinga
class 2	basinga	bangasinga, abasinga, abangasinga
class 3	wasinga	wangasinga, awasinga, awangasinga
class 4	yasinga	yangasinga, ayasinga, ayangasinga
class 5	lasinga	langasinga, alasinga, alangasinga
class 6	asinga	angasinga, awasinga, awangasinga
class 7	sasinga	sangasinga, asasinga, asangasinga
class 8	zasinga	zangasinga, azasinga, azangasinga
class 9	yasinga	yangasinga, ayasinga, ayangasinga
class 10	zasinga	zangasinga, azasinga, azangasinga
class 11	lwasinga	lwangasinga, alwasinga, alwangasinga
class 14	basinga	bangasinga, abasinga, abangasinga
class 15	kwasinga	kwangasinga, akwasinga, akwangasinga
class 17	kwasinga	kwangasinga, akwasinga, akwangasinga

Derived terms

uMasingana

References

C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “singa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “singa (6.6-3)”

Bau Bidayuh

Etymology

Noun

Bavarian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Brunei Malay

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Central Melanau

Etymology

Noun

Indonesian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Descendants

Further reading

Javanese

Romanization

Kankanaey

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

References

Lingala

Etymology

Noun

Malay

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Descendants

Further reading

Maranao

Noun

References

Mori Bawah

Noun

Nalca

Etymology

Noun

Spanish

Verb

Swahili

Pronunciation

Noun

Tagalog

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Anagrams

Tooro

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

References

Xhosa

Etymology

Verb

Inflection

Zulu

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Inflection

Derived terms

References