ringor

Latin

Etymology

Of unclear origin. The LIV suggests that the term may have emerged from Proto-Indo-European *wréng-e-ti, a thematic present to a root of the shape *wreng-.[1] Likewise, de Vaan proposes a possible connection with Proto-Germanic *wrankijaną (“to wring, twist”), which de Vaan also suggests to derive from a root *wreng- (“to turn, curve”).[2] However, Kroonen relates the Germanic verb to Proto-Indo-European *wrengʰ-.[3]

Less likely, a pre-Latin but post-Proto-Indo-European onomatopoeic formation, compare Ancient Greek ῥέγκω (rhénkō, “to snore”).[4] See also Proto-Slavic *reťi (“to cut, crack”).

Pronunciation

Verb

ringor (present infinitive ringī, perfect active rictus sum); third conjugation, deponent

  1. to snarl
    • c. 27 CE – 66 CE, Petronius, Satyricon 75:
      Puerum basiavi frugalissimum, […] Non est dignus quem in oculis feram? Sed Fortunata vetat. Ita tibi videtur, fulcipedia? Suadeo, bonum tuum concoquas, milva, et me non facias ringentem, amasiuncula: alioquin experieris cerebrum meum.
      • Translation by Michael Heseltine, 1913
        I kissed that excellent boy […] Does he not deserve to be treated well by me? But Fortunata will not have it. Is that your feeling, my high-heeled hussy? I advise you to chew what you have bitten off, you vulture, and not make me show my teeth, my little dear: otherwise you shall know what my anger is.
  2. to be vexed, angry

Conjugation

   Conjugation of ringor (third conjugation, deponent)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present ringor ringeris,
ringere 		ringitur ringimur ringiminī ringuntur
imperfect ringēbar ringēbāris,
ringēbāre 		ringēbātur ringēbāmur ringēbāminī ringēbantur
future ringar ringēris,
ringēre 		ringētur ringēmur ringēminī ringentur
perfect rictus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect rictus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect rictus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present ringar ringāris,
ringāre 		ringātur ringāmur ringāminī ringantur
imperfect ringerer ringerēris,
ringerēre 		ringerētur ringerēmur ringerēminī ringerentur
perfect rictus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect rictus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — ringere — — ringiminī —
future — ringitor ringitor — — ringuntor
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present ringī — ringēns —
future rictūrum esse — rictūrus ringendus,
ringundus
perfect rictum esse — rictus —
future perfect rictum fore — — —
perfect potential rictūrum fuisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
ringendī ringendō ringendum ringendō rictum rictū

Derived terms

Descendants

Reflexes of an assumed variant *ringulāre:

  • Italo-Romance:
    • Italian: ringhiare, ringiare

Reflexes of an assumed variant *ringīre:

References

  1. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*u̯reng-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 700
  2. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “ringor, -ī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 524
  3. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*wrankjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 594
  4. ^ Walde, Alois; Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1954), “ringor”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 436

Further reading

  • “ringor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “ringor”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
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