rarus
See also: Rarus
Latin
Etymology
Uncertain.[1] Potential cognates include Ancient Greek ἐρῆμος (erêmos, “lonely”), Lithuanian i̇̀rti (“to dissolve, fall into ruin”) and Proto-Slavic *oriti.
- A root of the form *h₁reh₁- (“to separate”) is phonetically required by Greek ἐρῆμος (erêmos).[2] However, Schrijver 1991 argues that *h₁reh₁- cannot regularly give rise to Latin rār-:[3] according to Schrijver's sound changes, zero-grade Proto-Indo-European *h₁r̥h₁rós would give Latin *rarus with short -a- (compare ratus from *h₂rh₁tós), whereas e-grade Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁rós would give Latin *rērus with long -ē-.
- Alternatively, from a root of the form *Hreh₂-. In this case, potentially cognate (with schwebeablaut) to i̇̀rti and *oriti.[3]
- De Vaan 2008 mentions a root *h₂erH- (“to disappear, perish”) as another possibility but dismisses it as unlikely.[1]
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈraː.rʊs]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈraː.rus]
Adjective
rārus (feminine rāra, neuter rārum, comparative rārior, superlative rārissimus or rārissumus, adverb rārō or rārē or rārenter or rāriter); first/second-declension adjective
Declension
First/second-declension adjective.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | rārus | rāra | rārum | rārī | rārae | rāra | |
| genitive | rārī | rārae | rārī | rārōrum | rārārum | rārōrum | |
| dative | rārō | rārae | rārō | rārīs | |||
| accusative | rārum | rāram | rārum | rārōs | rārās | rāra | |
| ablative | rārō | rārā | rārō | rārīs | |||
| vocative | rāre | rāra | rārum | rārī | rārae | rāra | |
Derived terms
Descendants
- → Albanian: rrallë
- → Asturian: raru
- → Danish: rar
- → Middle Dutch: raer
- Dutch: raar
- → Middle English: rare, rere
- English: rare
- → Faroese: rárur
- → French: rare
- → German: rar
- → Norwegian: rar
- → Portuguese: raro
- → Spanish: raro
- → Swedish: rar
- Aromanian: rar
- Asturian: ralu
- Catalan: rar
- Friulian: râr
- Galician: raro
- Italian: rado, raro
- Occitan: rar
- Old French: rer
- Portuguese: ralo
- Romanian: rar
- Romansch: rar, rer
- Sardinian: raru
- Sicilian: raru
- Spanish: ralo
- Venetan: raro
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “rārus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 514
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἐρῆμος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 456-457
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991), The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 17
Further reading
- “rarus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “rarus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “rarus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- preparations for war; war-material: apparatus (rare in plur.) belli
- in open order: raris ordinibus
- to fight in skirmishing order: rari dispersique pugnare (B. C. 1. 44)
- preparations for war; war-material: apparatus (rare in plur.) belli
- “rarus”, in The Perseus Project (1999), Perseus Encyclopedia[2]
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 514