Salar
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kon-. Cognate to Azerbaijani qonmaq, Gagauz konmaa, Turkish konmak, Turkmen gonmak, etc.
Pronunciation
- (Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA(key): /qum(ʁusɨ)/, /qun(ʁusɨ)/
- (Ili, Xinjiang) IPA(key): /qon(ʁusɨ)/
Verb
qumqusı
- to land, drop, fall
Fēijī qunmiş.- The plain has landed.
- to stay overnight, spend a night
- to perch, dwell
Quş dala qumci.- The bird perched on the tree.
Derived terms
Conjugation
Conjugation of qumqusı
basic conjugation
| basic conjugation
|
|
|
positive
|
negative
|
| experiential
|
inferential
|
experiential
|
inferential
|
| aorist
|
qumar
|
qumar-a
|
qummas
|
qummas-a
|
| continuous
|
qumbır
|
qumba(r)
|
qum yoxdır,
qummır
|
qum yox-a
|
| past
|
qumcı
|
qummış
|
qummacı
|
qummamış
|
| future
|
qumqur
|
qumqa(r)
|
qummağur
|
qummağa(r)
|
| past perfect
|
qumqan var
|
qumqan var-a
|
qumqan yoxdır
|
qumqan yox-a
|
| necessitative
|
qumqı
|
qummağı
|
| conditional
|
qumsa
|
qummasa
|
| imperative
|
1st person plural
|
qumal
|
qummağal
|
| 2nd & 3rd person
|
qum
|
qumma
|
| 2nd person
|
qumdoğo
|
qumquma
|
| 3rd person
|
qumqoğı
|
qummağı
|
| infinitive
|
qumqusı
|
qummağusı
|
| manner noun
|
qumuş
|
qummaş
|
| impersonal participle
|
imperfective
|
qumqan
|
qummağan
|
| perfective
|
qummış
|
qummamış
|
| prospective
|
qumqusı
|
qummağusı
|
| agent noun
|
qumqucı
|
qummağucı
|
|
|
converbs
|
| purposive converb
|
qumma
|
| posterior converb
|
qumqu, qumcanı
|
| anterior converb
|
qumqunçük
|
| iterative converb
|
quma-quma
|
| immediate posterior converb
|
qumquşlı
|
| causal converb
|
qumcanı
|
| prospective converb
|
qumqudana
|
| sequential converb
|
qumı
|
question conjugation
| question conjugation
|
|
|
positive
|
negative
|
|
|
experimental1
|
inferential2
|
experimental
|
inferential
|
| aorist
|
qumar-(m)i
|
qumar-(m)o
|
qummas-(m)i
|
qummas-(m)o
|
| continuous
|
qumbır-(m)i
|
qumba(r)-(m)o
|
qum yoxdır-(m)i
|
qum yox-aro
|
| past
|
qum-du,
qumcı-mu
|
qummış-(m)o
|
qumma-du,
qummacı-mu
|
qummamış-(m)o
|
| future
|
qumqur-(m)i
|
qumqa(r)-(m)o
|
qummağur-(m)i
|
qummağa(r)-(m)o
|
| past perfect
|
qumqan var-(m)i
|
qumqan var-(m)o
|
qumqan yoxdır-(m)i
|
qumqan yox-aro
|
| necessitative
|
qumqı-mu
|
qummağı-mu
|
| conditional
|
qumsa-mu
|
qummasa-mu
|
| imperative
|
1st person plural
|
qumal-mu
|
qummağal-mu
|
| 2nd & 3rd person
|
qum-mu
|
qumma-mu
|
| 2nd person
|
qumdoğo-mu
|
qumquma-mu
|
| 3rd person
|
qumqoğı-mu
|
qummağı-mu
|
| infinitive
|
qumqusı-mu
|
qummağusı-mu
|
| manner noun
|
qumuş-mu
|
qummaş-mu
|
| impersonal participle
|
imperfective
|
qumqan-mu
|
qummağan-mu
|
| perfective
|
qummış-mu
|
qummamış-mu
|
| prospective
|
qumqusı-mu
|
qummağusı-mu
|
| agent noun
|
qumqucı-mu
|
qummağucı-mu
|
potential conjugation
| potential conjugation
|
|
|
positive
|
negative
|
| experiential
|
inferential
|
experiential
|
inferential
|
| aorist
|
qumalar
|
qumalar-a
|
qumalmas
|
qumalmas-a
|
| continuous
|
qumalbır
|
qumalba(r)
|
qumal yoxdır,
qumalmır
|
qumal yox-a
|
| past
|
qumalcı
|
qumalmış
|
qumalmacı
|
qumalmamış
|
| future
|
qumalğur
|
qumalğa(r)
|
qumalmağur
|
qumalmağa(r)
|
| past perfect
|
qumalğan var
|
qumalğan var-a
|
qumalğan yoxdır
|
qumalğan yox-a
|
inceptive–punctual aspectual construction
| inceptive–punctual aspectual construction
|
|
|
positive
|
negative
|
| experiential
|
inferential
|
experiential
|
inferential
|
| aorist
|
{{{71}}}
|
{{{72}}}
|
{{{101}}}
|
{{{102}}}
|
| continuous
|
{{{73}}}
|
{{{74}}}
|
{{{103}}},
{{{1031}}}
|
{{{104}}}
|
| past
|
{{{75}}}
|
{{{76}}}
|
{{{105}}}
|
{{{106}}}
|
| future
|
{{{77}}}
|
{{{78}}}
|
{{{107}}}
|
{{{108}}}
|
| past perfect
|
{{{79}}}
|
{{{80}}}
|
{{{109}}}
|
{{{110}}}
|
|
1 The speaker knows the answer to the question, or believes that herself/himself does.
2 The speaker genuinely does not know the answer to the question.
References
- 林 (Lin), 莲云 (Lianyun) (1992), “qumqusı”, in 撒拉汉汉撒拉词汇 [Salar-Chinese, Chinese-Salar Vocabulary], 成都: 四川民族出版社, →ISBN, page 104
- Yakup, Abdurishid (2002), “qumqusı”, in An Ili Salar Vocabulary: Introduction and a Provisional Salar-English Lexicon[1], Tokyo: University of Tokyo, →ISBN, page 108
- 进锋张 [Ayso Cañ Cinfen] (2008), 乌璐别格 [Ulubeğ], 鄭初陽 [Çuyañ Yebey oğlı Ceñ], editors, 撒拉尔谚语 [Salar İbret Sözler, Salar Proverbs][2], China Salar Youth League, page 57
- Ma, Chengjun; Han, Lianye; Ma, Weisheng (December 2010), “qumqusı”, in 米娜瓦尔 艾比布拉 (Minavar Abibra), editor, 撒维汉词典 (Sāwéihàncídiǎn) [Salar-Uyghur-Chinese dictionary] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Beijing, →ISBN, page 236