pungo

Italian

Verb

pungo

  1. first-person singular present indicative of pungere

Anagrams

Latin

Etymology

    From Proto-Italic *pungō (with punctus for *puctus after pungō), from Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“prick, punch”). Near cognates include Ancient Greek πυγμή (pugmḗ, “fist”). Related to pugnus.[1]

    Pronunciation

    Verb

    pungō (present infinitive pungere, perfect active pupugī or pepugī, supine pūnctum); third conjugation

    1. to prick; to puncture; to sting

    Usage notes

    • Not to be confused with pugnō (“to fight”).

    Conjugation

    • The standard perfect is pupugī; however, pepugī occasionally occurs in early classical sources (including Cicero).
       Conjugation of pungō (third conjugation)
    indicative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present pungō pungis pungit pungimus pungitis pungunt
    imperfect pungēbam pungēbās pungēbat pungēbāmus pungēbātis pungēbant
    future pungam pungēs punget pungēmus pungētis pungent
    perfect pupugī,
    pepugī     		pupugistī,
    pepugistī     		pupugit,
    pepugit     		pupugimus,
    pepugimus     		pupugistis,
    pepugistis     		pupugērunt,
    pupugēre,
    pepugērunt,
    pepugēre
    pluperfect pupugeram,
    pepugeram     		pupugerās,
    pepugerās     		pupugerat,
    pepugerat     		pupugerāmus,
    pepugerāmus     		pupugerātis,
    pepugerātis     		pupugerant,
    pepugerant
    future perfect pupugerō,
    pepugerō     		pupugeris,
    pepugeris     		pupugerit,
    pepugerit     		pupugerimus,
    pepugerimus     		pupugeritis,
    pepugeritis     		pupugerint,
    pepugerint
    passive present pungor pungeris,
    pungere     		pungitur pungimur pungiminī punguntur
    imperfect pungēbar pungēbāris,
    pungēbāre     		pungēbātur pungēbāmur pungēbāminī pungēbantur
    future pungar pungēris,
    pungēre     		pungētur pungēmur pungēminī pungentur
    perfect pūnctus + present active indicative of sum
    pluperfect pūnctus + imperfect active indicative of sum
    future perfect pūnctus + future active indicative of sum
    subjunctive singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present pungam pungās pungat pungāmus pungātis pungant
    imperfect pungerem pungerēs pungeret pungerēmus pungerētis pungerent
    perfect pupugerim,
    pepugerim     		pupugerīs,
    pepugerīs     		pupugerit,
    pepugerit     		pupugerīmus,
    pepugerīmus     		pupugerītis,
    pepugerītis     		pupugerint,
    pepugerint
    pluperfect pupugissem,
    pepugissem     		pupugissēs,
    pepugissēs     		pupugisset,
    pepugisset     		pupugissēmus,
    pepugissēmus     		pupugissētis,
    pepugissētis     		pupugissent,
    pepugissent
    passive present pungar pungāris,
    pungāre     		pungātur pungāmur pungāminī pungantur
    imperfect pungerer pungerēris,
    pungerēre     		pungerētur pungerēmur pungerēminī pungerentur
    perfect pūnctus + present active subjunctive of sum
    pluperfect pūnctus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
    imperative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present — punge — — pungite —
    future — pungitō pungitō — pungitōte punguntō
    passive present — pungere — — pungiminī —
    future — pungitor pungitor — — punguntor
    non-finite forms infinitive participle
    active passive active passive
    present pungere pungī pungēns —
    future pūnctūrum esse pūnctum īrī pūnctūrus pungendus,
    pungundus
    perfect pupugisse,
    pepugisse     		pūnctum esse — pūnctus
    future perfect — pūnctum fore — —
    perfect potential pūnctūrum fuisse — — —
    verbal nouns gerund supine
    genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
    pungendī pungendō pungendum pungendō pūnctum pūnctū

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • Eastern:
      • Aromanian: pungu, pundziri
      • Megleno-Romanian: pung
      • Romanian: împunge, împungere, punge
    • Old French: puindre, poindre
    • Iberian:
    • Italo-Dalmatian:
    • Old Occitan:
      • Occitan: pónher, pónger
      • Old Catalan: púnyer
    • Sardinian: púnghere, punghere
    • Sicilian: pùnciri

    References

    1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “pungō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 499

    Further reading

    • “pungo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “pungo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • “pungo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
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