perestroika

Borrowed from Russian перестро́йка (perestrójka, “restructuring”).

• (US) IPA^(key): /pɛɹ.ɪˈstɹɔɪ.kə/

• Audio (General American):

  (file)

perestroika (countable and uncountable, plural perestroikas)

1. (historical, uncountable) A program of political and economic reform carried out in the Soviet Union in the 1980s and early 1990s under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev.
   • 2004, Chris Wallace, Character: Profiles in Presidential Courage:

     Gorbachev would introduce glasnost (openness and freedom) and perestroika (economic restructuring) to Russia under his tenure, ultimately freeing thousands of political prisoners and dissidents and trying to address the shortages in food and goods that had become the hallmarks of the failing Soviet economy.

   • 2007 October 13, Will Hutton, “Will China's next leader be its Gorbachev?”, in The Observer‎^[1], →ISSN, archived from the original on 9 January 2025:

     [Gorbachev] did not champion perestroika and glasnost alone; much of the nomenklatura had decided that the Soviet economic and social model was dysfunctional, corrupt and endemically inefficient and had to change.

2. (historical, uncountable) The period of time in the Soviet Union during which these reforms were carried out and in effect.
3. (countable, singularity theory) A situation where a small variation of parameters leads to a sudden change in properties.

• antiperestroika
• Perestroikan
• Salinastroika

• doi moi
• glasnost

Borrowed from Russian перестро́йка (perestrójka).

• IPA^(key): /ˈperestroi̯kɑ/, [ˈpe̞re̞s̠ˌtro̞i̯kɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -oikɑ
• Syllabification^(key): pe‧rest‧roi‧ka
• Hyphenation^(key): pe‧rest‧roi‧ka

perestroika

1. (historical) perestroika

• “perestroika”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023

perestroika f (plural perestroikas)

1. perestroika (reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s)

• “perestroika”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “perestroika”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Borrowed from Russian перестро́йка (perestrójka, “restructuring”).

• IPA^(key): /peɾesˈtɾoika/ [pe.ɾesˈt̪ɾoi̯.ka]
• Rhymes: -oika
• Syllabification: pe‧res‧troi‧ka

perestroika f (uncountable)

1. (historical) perestroika

• “perestroika”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025