nuguna

Tooro

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.). Possibly related to Proto-Bantu *-mʊ́ngʊnia (“to suck in mouth”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /nuɡúna/

Verb

-nuguna (infinitive okunuguna) (intransitive)

  1. (of puppies) to suckle
    Near-synonym: -onka (“to suckle (of humans and cows)”)

Conjugation

Conjugation of -nuguna
infinitives
affirmative okunuguna
negative okutanuguna
imperatives
affirmative nuguna
negative (see second-person negative subjunctive forms)
tense polarity basic forms relative forms1
present habitual affirmative
subject concord + -nuguna
person noun class singular plural
first person nnuguna tunuguna
second person onuguna munuguna
third person 1/2 anuguna banuguna
3/4 gunuguna enuguna
5/6 linuguna ganuguna
7/8 kinuguna binuguna
9/10 enuguna zinuguna
11/10 runuguna
12/14 kanuguna bunuguna
13 — tunuguna
14/6 bunuguna ganuguna
15/6 kunuguna
16 hanuguna —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -nuguna
person noun class singular plural
first person tinnuguna titunuguna
second person tonuguna timunuguna
third person 1/2 tanuguna tibanuguna
3/4 tigunuguna tenuguna
5/6 tirinuguna tiganuguna
7/8 tikinuguna tibinuguna
9/10 tenuguna tizinuguna
11/10 tirunuguna
12/14 tikanuguna tibunuguna
13 — titunuguna
14/6 tibunuguna tiganuguna
15/6 tikunuguna
16 tihanuguna —
subject concord + -tanuguna
present continuous affirmative
ni- + subject concord + -nuguna
person noun class singular plural
first person ninnuguna nitunuguna
second person noonuguna nimunuguna
third person 1/2 naanuguna nibanuguna
3/4 nigunuguna neenuguna
5/6 nirinuguna niganuguna
7/8 nikinuguna nibinuguna
9/10 neenuguna nizinuguna
11/10 nirunuguna
12/14 nikanuguna nibunuguna
13 — nitunuguna
14/6 nibunuguna niganuguna
15/6 nikunuguna
16 nihanuguna —
subject concord + -rukunuguna
negative
ti- + subject concord + -rukunuguna
person noun class singular plural
first person tindukunuguna titurukunuguna
second person torukunuguna timurukunuguna
third person 1/2 tarukunuguna tibarukunuguna
3/4 tigurukunuguna terukunuguna
5/6 tirirukunuguna tigarukunuguna
7/8 tikirukunuguna tibirukunuguna
9/10 terukunuguna tizirukunuguna
11/10 tirurukunuguna
12/14 tikarukunuguna tiburukunuguna
13 — titurukunuguna
14/6 tiburukunuguna tigarukunuguna
15/6 tikurukunuguna
16 tiharukunuguna —
subject concord + -tarukunuguna
present continuative affirmative
ni- + subject concord + -kyanuguna
person noun class singular plural
first person ninkyanuguna nitukyanuguna
second person nookyanuguna nimukyanuguna
third person 1/2 naakyanuguna nibakyanuguna
3/4 nigukyanuguna neekyanuguna
5/6 nirikyanuguna nigakyanuguna
7/8 nikikyanuguna nibikyanuguna
9/10 neekyanuguna nizikyanuguna
11/10 nirukyanuguna
12/14 nikakyanuguna nibukyanuguna
13 — nitukyanuguna
14/6 nibukyanuguna nigakyanuguna
15/6 nikukyanuguna
16 nihakyanuguna —
subject concord + -rukukyanuguna
negative
ti- + subject concord + -kyanuguna
person noun class singular plural
first person tinkyanuguna titukyanuguna
second person tokyanuguna timukyanuguna
third person 1/2 takyanuguna tibakyanuguna
3/4 tigukyanuguna tekyanuguna
5/6 tirikyanuguna tigakyanuguna
7/8 tikikyanuguna tibikyanuguna
9/10 tekyanuguna tizikyanuguna
11/10 tirukyanuguna
12/14 tikakyanuguna tibukyanuguna
13 — titukyanuguna
14/6 tibukyanuguna tigakyanuguna
15/6 tikukyanuguna
16 tihakyanuguna —
subject concord + -takyanuguna
virtual present affirmative
subject concord + -anuguna
person noun class singular plural
first person nanuguna twanuguna
second person wanuguna mwanuguna
third person 1/2 yanuguna baanuguna
3/4 gwanuguna yanuguna
5/6 lyanuguna gaanuguna
7/8 kyanuguna byanuguna
9/10 yanuguna zaanuguna
11/10 rwanuguna
12/14 kaanuguna bwanuguna
13 — twanuguna
14/6 bwanuguna gaanuguna
15/6 kwanuguna
16 haanuguna —
negative
ti- + subject concord + anuguna
person noun class singular plural
first person tinanuguna titwanuguna
second person tiwanuguna timwanuguna
third person 1/2 tiyanuguna tibaanuguna
3/4 tigwanuguna tiyanuguna
5/6 tiryanuguna tigaanuguna
7/8 tikyanuguna tibyanuguna
9/10 tiyanuguna tizaanuguna
11/10 tirwanuguna
12/14 tikaanuguna tibwanuguna
13 — titwanuguna
14/6 tibwanuguna tigaanuguna
15/6 tikwanuguna
16 tihaanuguna —
subject concord + -taanuguna
present perfect affirmative
subject concord + -nugunire
person noun class singular plural
first person nnugunire tunugunire
second person onugunire munugunire
third person 1/2 anugunire banugunire
3/4 gunugunire enugunire
5/6 linugunire ganugunire
7/8 kinugunire binugunire
9/10 enugunire zinugunire
11/10 runugunire
12/14 kanugunire bunugunire
13 — tunugunire
14/6 bunugunire ganugunire
15/6 kunugunire
16 hanugunire —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -nugunire
person noun class singular plural
first person tinnugunire titunugunire
second person tonugunire timunugunire
third person 1/2 tanugunire tibanugunire
3/4 tigunugunire tenugunire
5/6 tirinugunire tiganugunire
7/8 tikinugunire tibinugunire
9/10 tenugunire tizinugunire
11/10 tirunugunire
12/14 tikanugunire tibunugunire
13 — titunugunire
14/6 tibunugunire tiganugunire
15/6 tikunugunire
16 tihanugunire —
subject concord + -tanugunire
near perfective affirmative
subject concord + -akanuguna
person noun class singular plural
first person nakanuguna twakanuguna
second person wakanuguna mwakanuguna
third person 1/2 yakanuguna baakanuguna
3/4 gwakanuguna yakanuguna
5/6 lyakanuguna gaakanuguna
7/8 kyakanuguna byakanuguna
9/10 yakanuguna zaakanuguna
11/10 rwakanuguna
12/14 kaakanuguna bwakanuguna
13 — twakanuguna
14/6 bwakanuguna gaakanuguna
15/6 kwakanuguna
16 haakanuguna —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -kanugunire
person noun class singular plural
first person tinkanugunire titukanugunire
second person tokanugunire timukanugunire
third person 1/2 takanugunire tibakanugunire
3/4 tigukanugunire tekanugunire
5/6 tirikanugunire tigakanugunire
7/8 tikikanugunire tibikanugunire
9/10 tekanugunire tizikanugunire
11/10 tirukanugunire
12/14 tikakanugunire tibukanugunire
13 — titukanugunire
14/6 tibukanugunire tigakanugunire
15/6 tikukanugunire
16 tihakanugunire —
subject concord + -takanugunire
near past affirmative
subject concord + -nugunirege
person noun class singular plural
first person nnugunirege tunugunirege
second person onugunirege munugunirege
third person 1/2 anugunirege banugunirege
3/4 gunugunirege enugunirege
5/6 linugunirege ganugunirege
7/8 kinugunirege binugunirege
9/10 enugunirege zinugunirege
11/10 runugunirege
12/14 kanugunirege bunugunirege
13 — tunugunirege
14/6 bunugunirege ganugunirege
15/6 kunugunirege
16 hanugunirege —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -nugunirege
person noun class singular plural
first person tinnugunirege titunugunirege
second person tonugunirege timunugunirege
third person 1/2 tanugunirege tibanugunirege
3/4 tigunugunirege tenugunirege
5/6 tirinugunirege tiganugunirege
7/8 tikinugunirege tibinugunirege
9/10 tenugunirege tizinugunirege
11/10 tirunugunirege
12/14 tikanugunirege tibunugunirege
13 — titunugunirege
14/6 tibunugunirege tiganugunirege
15/6 tikunugunirege
16 tihanugunirege —
subject concord + -tanugunirege
remote past affirmative
subject concord + -kanuguna
person noun class singular plural
first person nkanuguna tukanuguna
second person okanuguna mukanuguna
third person 1/2 akanuguna bakanuguna
3/4 gukanuguna ekanuguna
5/6 likanuguna gakanuguna
7/8 kikanuguna bikanuguna
9/10 ekanuguna zikanuguna
11/10 rukanuguna
12/14 kakanuguna bukanuguna
13 — tukanuguna
14/6 bukanuguna gakanuguna
15/6 kukanuguna
16 hakanuguna —
subject concord + -anugunire
negative
subject concord + -tanugune
person noun class singular plural
first person ntanugune tutanugune
second person otanugune mutanugune
third person 1/2 atanugune batanugune
3/4 gutanugune etanugune
5/6 litanugune gatanugune
7/8 kitanugune bitanugune
9/10 etanugune ziitanugune
11/10 rutanugune
12/14 katanugune butanugune
13 — tutanugune
14/6 butanugune gatanugune
15/6 kutanugune
16 hatanugune —
subject concord + -taranugunire
experiential perfective affirmative
subject concord + -ranugunire
person noun class singular plural
first person ndanugunire turanugunire
second person oranugunire muranugunire
third person 1/2 aranugunire baranugunire
3/4 guranugunire eranugunire
5/6 liranugunire garanugunire
7/8 kiranugunire biranugunire
9/10 eranugunire ziranugunire
11/10 ruranugunire
12/14 karanugunire buranugunire
13 — turanugunire
14/6 buranugunire garanugunire
15/6 kuranugunire
16 haranugunire —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -kanugunaga
person noun class singular plural
first person tinkanugunaga titukanugunaga
second person tokanugunaga timukanugunaga
third person 1/2 takanugunaga tibakanugunaga
3/4 tigukanugunaga tekanugunaga
5/6 tirikanugunaga tigakanugunaga
7/8 tikikanugunaga tibikanugunaga
9/10 tekanugunaga tizikanugunaga
11/10 tirukanugunaga
12/14 tikakanugunaga tibukanugunaga
13 — titukanugunaga
14/6 tibukanugunaga tigakanugunaga
15/6 tikukanugunaga
16 tihakanugunaga —
subject concord + -takanugunaga
cessative perfective affirmative
subject concord + -aanugunire
person noun class singular plural
first person naanugunire twanugunire
second person waanugunire mwanugunire
third person 1/2 yaanugunire baanugunire
3/4 gwanugunire yaanugunire
5/6 lyanugunire gaanugunire
7/8 kyanugunire byanugunire
9/10 yaanugunire zaanugunire
11/10 rwanugunire
12/14 kaanugunire bwanugunire
13 — twanugunire
14/6 bwanugunire gaanugunire
15/6 kwanugunire
16 haanugunire —
past habitual affirmative
subject concord + -anugunaga
person noun class singular plural
first person nanugunaga twanugunaga
second person wanugunaga mwanugunaga
third person 1/2 yanugunaga baanugunaga
3/4 gwanugunaga yanugunaga
5/6 lyanugunaga gaanugunaga
7/8 kyanugunaga byanugunaga
9/10 yanugunaga zaanugunaga
11/10 rwanugunaga
12/14 kaanugunaga bwanugunaga
13 — twanugunaga
14/6 bwanugunaga gaanugunaga
15/6 kwanugunaga
16 haanugunaga —
negative
ti- + subject concord + anugunaga
person noun class singular plural
first person tinanugunaga titwanugunaga
second person tiwanugunaga timwanugunaga
third person 1/2 tiyanugunaga tibaanugunaga
3/4 tigwanugunaga tiyanugunaga
5/6 tiryanugunaga tigaanugunaga
7/8 tikyanugunaga tibyanugunaga
9/10 tiyanugunaga tizaanugunaga
11/10 tirwanugunaga
12/14 tikaanugunaga tibwanugunaga
13 — titwanugunaga
14/6 tibwanugunaga tigaanugunaga
15/6 tikwanugunaga
16 tihaanugunaga —
subject concord + -taanugunaga
near future affirmative
subject concord + -raanuguna
person noun class singular plural
first person ndaanuguna turaanuguna
second person oraanuguna muraanuguna
third person 1/2 araanuguna baraanuguna
3/4 guraanuguna eraanuguna
5/6 liraanuguna garaanuguna
7/8 kiraanuguna biraanuguna
9/10 eraanuguna ziraanuguna
11/10 ruraanuguna
12/14 karaanuguna buraanuguna
13 — turaanuguna
14/6 buraanuguna garaanuguna
15/6 kuraanuguna
16 haraanuguna —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -aanugune
person noun class singular plural
first person tinaanugune titwanugune
second person tiwaanugune timwanugune
third person 1/2 tiyaanugune tibaanugune
3/4 tigwanugune tiyaanugune
5/6 tiryanugune tigaanugune
7/8 tikyanugune tibyanugune
9/10 tiyaanugune tizaanugune
11/10 tirwanugune
12/14 tikaanugune tibwanugune
13 — titwanugune
14/6 tibwanugune tigaanugune
15/6 tikwanugune
16 tihaanugune —
subject concord + -taanugune
remote future affirmative
subject concord + -linuguna
person noun class singular plural
first person ndinuguna tulinuguna
second person olinuguna mulinuguna
third person 1/2 alinuguna balinuguna
3/4 gulinuguna erinuguna
5/6 lirinuguna galinuguna
7/8 kirinuguna birinuguna
9/10 erinuguna zirinuguna
11/10 rulinuguna
12/14 kalinuguna bulinuguna
13 — tulinuguna
14/6 bulinuguna galinuguna
15/6 kulinuguna
16 halinuguna —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -linuguna
person noun class singular plural
first person tindinuguna titulinuguna
second person tolinuguna timulinuguna
third person 1/2 talinuguna tibalinuguna
3/4 tigulinuguna terinuguna
5/6 tiririnuguna tigalinuguna
7/8 tikirinuguna tibirinuguna
9/10 terinuguna tizirinuguna
11/10 tirulinuguna
12/14 tikalinuguna tibulinuguna
13 — titulinuguna
14/6 tibulinuguna tigalinuguna
15/6 tikulinuguna
16 tihalinuguna —
subject concord + -talinuguna
future habitual affirmative
subject concord + -raanugunaga
person noun class singular plural
first person ndaanugunaga turaanugunaga
second person oraanugunaga muraanugunaga
third person 1/2 araanugunaga baraanugunaga
3/4 guraanugunaga eraanugunaga
5/6 liraanugunaga garaanugunaga
7/8 kiraanugunaga biraanugunaga
9/10 eraanugunaga ziraanugunaga
11/10 ruraanugunaga
12/14 karaanugunaga buraanugunaga
13 — turaanugunaga
14/6 buraanugunaga garaanugunaga
15/6 kuraanugunaga
16 haraanugunaga —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -aanugunege
person noun class singular plural
first person tinaanugunege titwanugunege
second person tiwaanugunege timwanugunege
third person 1/2 tiyaanugunege tibaanugunege
3/4 tigwanugunege tiyaanugunege
5/6 tiryanugunege tigaanugunege
7/8 tikyanugunege tibyanugunege
9/10 tiyaanugunege tizaanugunege
11/10 tirwanugunege
12/14 tikaanugunege tibwanugunege
13 — titwanugunege
14/6 tibwanugunege tigaanugunege
15/6 tikwanugunege
16 tihaanugunege —
subject concord + -taanugunege
subjunctive affirmative
subject concord + nugune
person noun class singular plural
first person nnugune tunugune
second person onugune munugune
third person 1/2 anugune banugune
3/4 gunugune enugune
5/6 linugune ganugune
7/8 kinugune binugune
9/10 enugune zinugune
11/10 runugune
12/14 kanugune bunugune
13 — tunugune
14/6 bunugune ganugune
15/6 kunugune
16 hanugune —
negative
subject concord + -tanuguna
person noun class singular plural
first person ntanuguna tutanuguna
second person otanuguna mutanuguna
third person 1/2 atanuguna batanuguna
3/4 gutanuguna etanuguna
5/6 litanuguna gatanuguna
7/8 kitanuguna bitanuguna
9/10 etanuguna zitanuguna
11/10 rutanuguna
12/14 katanuguna butanuguna
13 — tutanuguna
14/6 butanuguna gatanuguna
15/6 kutanuguna
16 hatanuguna —
—
subjunctive habitual affirmative
subject concord + nugunege
person noun class singular plural
first person nnugunege tunugunege
second person onugunege munugunege
third person 1/2 anugunege banugunege
3/4 gunugunege enugunege
5/6 linugunege ganugunege
7/8 kinugunege binugunege
9/10 enugunege zinugunege
11/10 runugunege
12/14 kanugunege bunugunege
13 — tunugunege
14/6 bunugunege ganugunege
15/6 kunugunege
16 hanugunege —
hypothetical affirmative
subject concord + -aakunuguna
person noun class singular plural
first person naakunuguna twakunuguna
second person waakunuguna mwakunuguna
third person 1/2 yaakunuguna baakunuguna
3/4 gwakunuguna yaakunuguna
5/6 lyakunuguna gaakunuguna
7/8 kyakunuguna byakunuguna
9/10 yaakunuguna zaakunuguna
11/10 rwakunuguna
12/14 kaakunuguna bwakunuguna
13 — twakunuguna
14/6 bwakunuguna gaakunuguna
15/6 kwakunuguna
16 haakunuguna —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -aakunuguna
person noun class singular plural
first person tinaakunuguna titwakunuguna
second person tiwaakunuguna timwakunuguna
third person 1/2 tiyaakunuguna tibaakunuguna
3/4 tigwakunuguna tiyaakunuguna
5/6 tiryakunuguna tigaakunuguna
7/8 tikyakunuguna tibyakunuguna
9/10 tiyaakunuguna tizaakunuguna
11/10 tirwakunuguna
12/14 tikaakunuguna tibwakunuguna
13 — titwakunuguna
14/6 tibwakunuguna tigaakunuguna
15/6 tikwakunuguna
16 tihaakunuguna —
subject concord + -taakunuguna
conditional affirmative
subject concord + -aakunugunire
person noun class singular plural
first person naakunugunire twakunugunire
second person waakunugunire mwakunugunire
third person 1/2 yaakunugunire baakunugunire
3/4 gwakunugunire yaakunugunire
5/6 lyakunugunire gaakunugunire
7/8 kyakunugunire byakunugunire
9/10 yaakunugunire zaakunugunire
11/10 rwakunugunire
12/14 kaakunugunire bwakunugunire
13 — twakunugunire
14/6 bwakunugunire gaakunugunire
15/6 kwakunugunire
16 haakunugunire —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -aakunugunire
person noun class singular plural
first person tinaakunugunire titwakunugunire
second person tiwaakunugunire timwakunugunire
third person 1/2 tiyaakunugunire tibaakunugunire
3/4 tigwakunugunire tiyaakunugunire
5/6 tiryakunugunire tigaakunugunire
7/8 tikyakunugunire tibyakunugunire
9/10 tiyaakunugunire tizaakunugunire
11/10 tirwakunugunire
12/14 tikaakunugunire tibwakunugunire
13 — titwakunugunire
14/6 tibwakunugunire tigaakunugunire
15/6 tikwakunugunire
16 tihaakunugunire —
subject concord + -taakunugunire

1 The forms in this column are reduced relative forms; full relative forms require an augment before the subject concord.


References

  • Kaji, Shigeki (2007), A Rutooro Vocabulary‎[1], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 268
  • Rubongoya, L. T. (2013), Katondogorozi y'Orunyoro-Rutooro n'Orungereza [Runyoro–Rutooro-English and English-Runyoro–Rutooro dictionary]‎[2], Kampala: Modrug Publishers, →ISBN, page 297
  • Entry 2223 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3
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