nacer

See also: ñacer and naçer

Asturian

Alternative forms

ñacer

Etymology

Inherited from Latin nascere.

Verb

nacer

to be born

Galician

Alternative forms

nascer (reintegrationist)

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese na(s)cer, from Latin nascere.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (standard) /naˈθeɾ/ [naˈθeɾ]
IPA^(key): (seseo) /naˈseɾ/ [naˈseɾ]

Rhymes: -eɾ

Verb

nacer (first-person singular present nazo, first-person singular preterite nacín, past participle nacido, short past participle nado)
nacer (first-person singular present naço, first-person singular preterite nacim or naci, past participle nacido, reintegrationist norm)

to be born
to surge, spring out
(of the sun or of the day) to rise (the sun)

Conjugation

Conjugation of nacer (irregular short past participle; c-z alternation)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	nacer
Personal	nacer	naceres	nacer	nacermos	nacerdes	naceren
Gerund
	nacendo
Short past participle
Masculine	nado¹			nados¹
Feminine	nada¹			nadas¹
Long past participle
Masculine	nacido²			nacidos²
Feminine	nacida²			nacidas²
Indicative
Present	nazo	naces	nace	nacemos	nacedes	nacen
Imperfect	nacía	nacías	nacía	naciamos	naciades	nacían
Preterite	nacín	naciches	naceu	nacemos	nacestes	naceron
Pluperfect	nacera	naceras	nacera	naceramos	nacerades	naceran
Future	nacerei	nacerás	nacerá	naceremos	naceredes	nacerán
Conditional	nacería	nacerías	nacería	naceriamos	naceriades	nacerían
Subjunctive
Present	naza	nazas	naza	nazamos	nazades	nazan
Imperfect	nacese	naceses	nacese	nacésemos	nacésedes	nacesen
Future	nacer	naceres	nacer	nacermos	nacerdes	naceren
Imperative
Affirmative		nace	naza	nazamos	nacede	nazan
Negative (non)		non nazas	non naza	non nazamos	non nazades	non nazan

¹Usually used with auxiliary verbs ser and estar.
²Usually used with auxiliary verbs haber and ter.

Reintegrated conjugation of nacer (c-ç alternation) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	nacer
Personal	nacer	naceres	nacer	nacermos	nacerdes	nacerem
Gerund
	nacendo
Past participle
Masculine	nacido			nacidos
Feminine	nacida			nacidas
Indicative
Present	naço	naces	nace	nacemos	nacedes, naceis	nacem
Imperfect	nacia	nacias	nacia	nacíamos	nacíades, nacíeis, nacíais¹	naciam
Preterite	nacim, naci	naceste, naceche¹	naceu	nacemos	nacestes	nacêrom, naceram
Pluperfect	nacera	naceras	nacera	nacêramos	nacêrades, nacêreis, nacêrais¹	naceram
Future	nacerei	nacerás	nacerá	naceremos	naceredes, nacereis	nacerám, nacerão
Conditional	naceria	nacerias	naceria	naceríamos	naceríades, naceríeis, naceríais¹	naceriam
Subjunctive
Present	naça	naças	naça	naçamos	naçades, naçais	naçam
Imperfect	nacesse	nacesses	nacesse	nacêssemos	nacêssedes, nacêsseis	nacessem
Future	nacer	naceres	nacer	nacermos	nacerdes	nacerem
Imperative
Affirmative		nace	naça	naçamos	nacede, nacei	naçam
Negative (nom)		nom naças	nom naça	nom naçamos	nom naçades, nom naçais	nom naçam

¹Less recommended.

References

Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “nacer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “nacer”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “nacer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “nacer”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “nacer”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
“nacer”, in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (in Galician), 2014–2026

Old Galician-Portuguese

Alternative forms

naçer, nascer

Etymology

Inherited from Latin nascere.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /naˈt͡seɾ/

Verb

nacer

to be born
- a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 248 (facsimile):
  
  a uirgen de que de(us) q(ui)so naçer dia de Natal.
  The Virgin from whom God chose to be born on Christmas day.

Conjugation

Conjugation of nacer

gerund		compound		gerund of seer or haver or tẽer¹ + past participle
infinitive				nacer
gerund		simple		nacendo
past participle				singular		plural
		masculine		nado, nacido		nados, nacidos
		feminine		nada, nacida		nadas, nacidas
present participle				nacente		nacentes
person		singular			plural
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative mood		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
simple tenses	present	nasco, naço	naces	nace	nacemos	nacedes	nacen
	imperfect	nacia	nacias	nacia	naciamos, nacíamos	naciades, nacíades	nacian
	preterite	naci, nacin	naceste, naciste, nacesche, nacische, naceche, naciche	naceu, naceo, nacio, naciu	nacemos	nacestes	naceron
	pluperfect	nacera	naceras	nacera	naceramos, nacêramos	nacerades, nacêrades	naceran
	future	nacerei	nacerás	nacerá	naceremos	naceredes	nacerán
	conditional	naceria	nacerias	naceria	naceriamos, naceríamos	naceriades, naceríades	nacerian
compound tenses	present perfect	present of seer or haver or tẽer¹ + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect of seer or haver or tẽer¹ + past participle
	past anterior	preterite of seer or haver or tẽer¹ + past participle
	pluperfect anterior	simple pluperfect of seer or haver or tẽer¹ + past participle
	future perfect	future of seer or haver or tẽer¹ + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of seer or haver or tẽer¹ + past participle
subjunctive mood		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
simple tenses	present	nasca, naça	nascas, naças	nasca, naça	nascamos, naçamos	nascades, naçades	nascan, naçan
	imperfect	nacesse	nacesses	nacesse	nacessemos, nacêssemos	nacessedes, nacêssedes	nacessen
	future	nacer	naceres	nacer	nacermos	nacerdes	naceren
compound tenses	present perfect	present subjunctive of seer or haver or tẽer¹ + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of seer or haver or tẽer¹ + past participle
	future perfect	future subjunctive of seer or haver or tẽer¹ + past participle
imperative mood		—	tu	—	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	—
affirmative		—	nace	—	nascamos, naçamos	nacede	—
negative		—	non nascas, non naças	—	non nascamos, non naçamos	non nascades, non naçades	—
personal infinitive		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
personal infinitive		nacer	naceres	nacer	nacermos	nacerdes	naceren
¹Teer and ter were also used, although all three were less common than haver.

Related terms

Descendants

Galician: nacer
Portuguese: nascer (see there for further descendants)

Spanish

Alternative forms

nascer (archaic)

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish nasçer, from Latin nascere.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /naˈθeɾ/ [naˈθeɾ] (Spain, Equatorial Guinea)
IPA^(key): /naˈseɾ/ [naˈseɾ] (Latin America, Philippines)
Audio (Colombia): (file)
Rhymes: -eɾ
Syllabification: na‧cer

Verb

nacer (first-person singular present nazco, first-person singular preterite nací, past participle nacido)

to be born, to sprout, to begin to grow; to hatch (out)
Yo nací en Guatemala
I was born in Guatemala.
to grow; to rise, to have its source (river); to rise (sun); to have its roots; to arise

Conjugation

Conjugation of nacer (c-zc alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

		singular			plural
infinitive			nacer
gerund			naciendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		nacido		nacida
		plural		nacidos		nacidas
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	nazco	naces^{^tú} nacés^{^vos}	nace	nacemos	nacéis	nacen
	imperfect	nacía	nacías	nacía	nacíamos	nacíais	nacían
	preterite	nací	naciste	nació	nacimos	nacisteis	nacieron
	future	naceré	nacerás	nacerá	naceremos	naceréis	nacerán
	conditional	nacería	nacerías	nacería	naceríamos	naceríais	nacerían

subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	nazca	nazcas^{^tú} nazcás^{^vos²}	nazca	nazcamos	nazcáis	nazcan
	imperfect (ra)	naciera	nacieras	naciera	naciéramos	nacierais	nacieran
	imperfect (se)	naciese	nacieses	naciese	naciésemos	nacieseis	naciesen
	future¹	naciere	nacieres	naciere	naciéremos	naciereis	nacieren

imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		nace^{^tú} nacé^{^vos}	nazca	nazcamos	naced	nazcan
	negative		no nazcas	no nazca	no nazcamos	no nazcáis	no nazcan

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

Selected combined forms of nacer (c-zc alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive nacer	dative	nacerme	nacerte	nacerle, nacerse	nacernos	naceros	nacerles, nacerse
with infinitive nacer	accusative	nacerme	nacerte	nacerlo, nacerla, nacerse	nacernos	naceros	nacerlos, nacerlas, nacerse

with gerund naciendo	dative	naciéndome	naciéndote	naciéndole, naciéndose	naciéndonos	naciéndoos	naciéndoles, naciéndose
with gerund naciendo	accusative	naciéndome	naciéndote	naciéndolo, naciéndola, naciéndose	naciéndonos	naciéndoos	naciéndolos, naciéndolas, naciéndose

with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative nace	dative	náceme	nácete	nácele	nácenos	not used	náceles
	accusative	náceme	nácete	nácelo, nácela	nácenos	not used	nácelos, nácelas

with informal second-person singular voseo imperative nacé	dative	naceme	nacete	nacele	nacenos	not used	naceles
	accusative	naceme	nacete	nacelo, nacela	nacenos	not used	nacelos, nacelas

with formal second-person singular imperative nazca	dative	názcame	not used	názcale, názcase	názcanos	not used	názcales
with formal second-person singular imperative nazca	accusative	názcame	not used	názcalo, názcala, názcase	názcanos	not used	názcalos, názcalas

with first-person plural imperative nazcamos	dative	not used	nazcámoste	nazcámosle	nazcámonos	nazcámoos	nazcámosles
with first-person plural imperative nazcamos	accusative	not used	nazcámoste	nazcámoslo, nazcámosla	nazcámonos	nazcámoos	nazcámoslos, nazcámoslas

with informal second-person plural imperative naced	dative	nacedme	not used	nacedle	nacednos	naceos	nacedles
with informal second-person plural imperative naced	accusative	nacedme	not used	nacedlo, nacedla	nacednos	naceos	nacedlos, nacedlas

with formal second-person plural imperative nazcan	dative	názcanme	not used	názcanle	názcannos	not used	názcanles, názcanse
with formal second-person plural imperative nazcan	accusative	názcanme	not used	názcanlo, názcanla	názcannos	not used	názcanlos, názcanlas, názcanse

nacer

Asturian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Verb

See also

Galician

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

See also

References

Old Galician-Portuguese

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Related terms

Descendants

Further reading

Spanish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

See also

Further reading

Anagrams