länget
See also: langet
Finnish
Etymology
Uncertain. Most likely not Proto-Finnic, as the horse collar was not yet known in Europe when Proto-Finnic was spoken, and because the forms are inconsistent:
- (Eastern) Finnish länget, Ingrian länget, Karelian länket, Ludian länged, Veps länged, which point to *länke-
- (Southwest) Finnish ranget, Estonian rangid, Livonian rangõd and Votic rangid, which point to *rankë-
- (Western) Finnish ränget, which points to *ränke-
Finnish ranget could be Estonian influence based on its relatively narrow southwestern distribution, while ränget could be a mix of länget and ranget. However, it is not known which form is primary. The rank-/rang- forms have been compared with dialectal Swedish rankor, rankar, as well as dialectal Swedish vrang (“rib (of a ship)”). The läng-/länk- forms, on the other hand, have been compared with dialectal Finnish länkä (“crooked, bent”). Compare also northern Russian лянги (ljangi, “wooden collar for reindeer”) and Northern Sami leaŋggat.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈlæŋːet/, [ˈlæŋːe̞t̪]
- Rhymes: -æŋːet
- Syllabification(key): län‧get
- Hyphenation(key): län‧get
Noun
länget
- hame(s); (metonymic) collar, horse collar (part of the harness that fits round the neck of a draught horse that the reins pass through; part of harness designed to distribute the load around the shoulders of a draft animal)
- Synonyms: (dialectal) ränget, ranget
Usage notes
- In English, a distinction is sometimes made between the hames (the frame made of wood, etc.) and the collar (the padding); länget refers primarily to the former, but metonymically also to both.
- The form länget is traditional in the Eastern Finnish dialects as well as Kymenlaakso and parts of Tavastia. ranget is traditional in Southwest Finland and ränget in most of the rest of the Western Finnish area (including Satakunta and all of Ostrobothnia).[1]
Declension
| Inflection of länget (Kotus type 7*G/ovi, nk-ng gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | — | länget | |
| genitive | — | länkien | |
| partitive | — | länkiä | |
| illative | — | länkiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | — | länget | |
| accusative | nom. | — | länget |
| gen. | — | ||
| genitive | — | länkien | |
| partitive | — | länkiä | |
| inessive | — | längissä | |
| elative | — | längistä | |
| illative | — | länkiin | |
| adessive | — | längillä | |
| ablative | — | längiltä | |
| allative | — | längille | |
| essive | — | länkinä | |
| translative | — | längiksi | |
| abessive | — | längittä | |
| instructive | — | längin | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
| Possessive forms of länget (Kotus type 7*G/ovi, nk-ng gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derived terms
See also
References
- ^ Erkki Itkonen, Ulla-Maija Kulonen, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
Further reading
- “länget”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023
Ingrian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic [Term?]. Cognates include Finnish länget and Estonian rangid.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈlæŋɡet/, [ˈlʲæŋɡe̞d]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈlæŋɡet/, [ˈlæŋɡ̊e̞d̥]
- Rhymes: -æŋɡet
- Hyphenation: län‧get
Noun
länget
Declension
| Declension of länget (type 5/lehti, nk-ng gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | — | länget |
| genitive | — | länkiin, länkilöin |
| partitive | — | länkijä, länkilöjä |
| illative | — | länkii, länkilöihe |
| inessive | — | längiis, länkilöis |
| elative | — | längist, länkilöist |
| allative | — | längille, länkilöille |
| adessive | — | längiil, länkilöil |
| ablative | — | längilt, länkilöilt |
| translative | — | längiks, länkilöiks |
| essive | — | länkinnä, länkilöinnä, länkiin, länkilöin |
| exessive1) | — | länkint, länkilöint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 286