khắc nghiệt

Vietnamese

Etymology

    Sino-Vietnamese word from 刻 and 孽.

    Pronunciation

    • (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [xak̚˧˦ ŋiət̚˧˨ʔ]
    • (Huế) IPA(key): [kʰak̚˦˧˥ ŋiək̚˨˩ʔ]
    • (Saigon) IPA(key): [kʰak̚˦˥ ŋiək̚˨˩˨]

    Adjective

    khắc nghiệt

    1. harsh, inclement
      mùa đông khắc nghiệt ở Cộng hoà Sakha ― the harsh winter at the Republic of Sakha
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