jupartie

Middle English

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman giu parti, ju parti and Middle French jeu parti,[1] from Medieval Latin iocus partītus; first attested in c. 1300.

For the development of /ɛu̯/ to /ɛː/, compare rewme, flewme (the variant in /ɛ/ possibly shows the result of the same development under low stress, but it may reflect a separate approximation of the French); Jespersen's assertion that the modern English form jeopardy proves this word originally had /œ/[2] is mistaken since Middle English forms with ⟨eo⟩ are rare, late, and likely represent an Anglo-Norman orthographic convention seen in e.g. reo (“wheel”). Forms in -ie and /d/ may be due to the influence of partie[3] and -ard respectively, though the latter may reflect an Middle English approximation of French unaspirated [t˭] (which would also explain occasional forms with /b/).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˌd͡ʒuparˈtiː(ə)/, /ˌd͡ʒuparˈdiː(ə)/[4] (from giu parti)
  • IPA(key): /ˌd͡ʒɛu̯parˈtiː(ə)/, /ˌd͡ʒɛːparˈtiː(ə)/, /ˌd͡ʒɛparˈtiː(ə)/[5], /-ˈdiː(ə)/ (from jeu parti, less common)
  • Forms with stress retraction and reduction of /ar/ to /ər/ also existed, but have been omitted for concision.

Noun

jupartie (plural juparties) (chiefly Late Middle English)

  1. Jeopardy, danger, peril; the potential to fail.
  2. A dangerous or uncertain circumstance or act:
    1. (Early Scots) An action or strategy in war, especially if bold or risky.[6]
    2. (rare) A chess problem or move.
  3. The state of being unknown or uncertain; uncertainty.
  4. (rare) Injury, disaster or bad luck; a negative event.
  5. (rare) Discord, strife, dispute.

Descendants

  • English: jeopardy
  • Scots: jeoparty

References

  1. ^ “jū̆partī(e, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 15 July 2018.
  2. ^ Jespersen, Otto (1909), A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles (Sammlung germanischer Elementar- und Handbücher; 9)‎[1], volume I: Sounds and Spellings, London: George Allen & Unwin, published 1961, § 3.25, page 79.
  3. ^ Nöjd, Ruben (1919), “Stressed Vowels and Diphthongs”, in The vocalism of Romanic words in Chaucer‎[2], Part II, Uppsala: Appelbergs Boktryckeri Aktiebolag, →OCLC, page 91.
  4. ^ Dobson, E[ric] J. (1957), English pronunciation 1500-1700‎[3], second edition, volume II: Phonology, Oxford: Clarendon Press, published 1968, →OCLC, § 74, page 566.
  5. ^ Dobson, E[ric] J. (1957), English pronunciation 1500-1700‎[4], second edition, volume II: Phonology, Oxford: Clarendon Press, published 1968, →OCLC, § 8, page 474.
  6. ^ “juparty, jupardy, n.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC, reproduced from William A[lexander] Craigie, A[dam] J[ack] Aitken [et al.], editors, A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue: […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1931–2002, →OCLC.
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