jumala
See also: Jumala
Estonian
Adverb
jumala (not comparable)
Noun
jumala
- genitive singular of jumal
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *jumala (compare Estonian jumal (“god”)), from Proto-Finno-Permic *juma(-la) (“sky, god”), probably borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dyumā (compare Sanskrit द्युम्न (dyumna, “splendor”), Sanskrit द्युमत् (dyumat, “bright; an epithet of Indra”))[1] or earlier Indo-European.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈjumɑlɑ/, [ˈjumɑ̝lɑ̝]
- Rhymes: -umɑlɑ
- Syllabification(key): ju‧ma‧la
- Hyphenation(key): ju‧ma‧la
Noun
jumala
Usage notes
The combining form jumal- is used in some compounds, particularly older ones.
Declension
| Inflection of jumala (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | jumala | jumalat | |
| genitive | jumalan | jumalien | |
| partitive | jumalaa | jumalia | |
| illative | jumalaan | jumaliin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | jumala | jumalat | |
| accusative | nom. | jumala | jumalat |
| gen. | jumalan | ||
| genitive | jumalan | jumalien jumalain rare | |
| partitive | jumalaa | jumalia | |
| inessive | jumalassa | jumalissa | |
| elative | jumalasta | jumalista | |
| illative | jumalaan | jumaliin | |
| adessive | jumalalla | jumalilla | |
| ablative | jumalalta | jumalilta | |
| allative | jumalalle | jumalille | |
| essive | jumalana | jumalina | |
| translative | jumalaksi | jumaliksi | |
| abessive | jumalatta | jumalitta | |
| instructive | — | jumalin | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
| Possessive forms of jumala (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Literary/archaic genitive plural: jumalten
Derived terms
compounds
- auringonjumala
- epäjumala
- jumalaapelkäävä
- jumalakeskeinen
- jumalakuva
- jumalanilma
- jumalankieltäjä
- jumalankuva
- jumalanluoma
- jumalanmurha
- jumalanpalvelus
- jumalanpelko
- jumalanpilkka
- jumalansana
- jumalanvilja
- jumalanäiti
- jumalasuhde
- jumalolento
- jumaltaru
- jumaltenpuu
- jumalusko
- kotijumala
- lemmenjumala
- merenjumala
- monijumalainen
- monijumalinen
- puolijumala
- puujumala
- rakkaudenjumala
- sodanjumala
- tuulenjumala
- viininjumala
- yksijumalainen
- yksijumalinen
- ylijumala
- äitijumala
Related terms
Descendants
- →? Swedish: Jomala
References
Further reading
- “jumala”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023
Anagrams
Ingrian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *jumala. Cognates include Finnish jumala and Estonian jumal.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈjumɑlɑ/, [ˈjumɑˑɫ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈjumɑːlɑ/, [ˈjumˑɑːɫɑ]
- Rhymes: -umɑl, -umɑːlɑ
- Hyphenation: ju‧ma‧la
Noun
jumala
- god, deity
- 1937, V. A. Tetjurev, translated by N. J. Molotsova, Loonnontiito oppikirja alkușkoulua vart (toin osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 102:
- Kaik religiat opettaat, jot inmihisen teki jumala.
- All religions say, that a deity made the human.
Declension
| Declension of jumala (type 3/koira, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | jumala | jumalat |
| genitive | jumalan | jumaliin |
| partitive | jumalaa | jumalia |
| illative | jumalaa | jumalii |
| inessive | jumalaas | jumaliis |
| elative | jumalast | jumalist |
| allative | jumalalle | jumalille |
| adessive | jumalaal | jumaliil |
| ablative | jumalalt | jumalilt |
| translative | jumalaks | jumaliks |
| essive | jumalanna, jumalaan | jumalinna, jumaliin |
| exessive1) | jumalant | jumalint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
Derived terms
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 110
- Olga I. Konkova; Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014), Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку[3], →ISBN, page 34
Karelian
| North Karelian (Viena) |
jumala |
|---|---|
| South Karelian (Tver) |
jumala |
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *jumala. Cognates include Finnish jumala and Veps jumal.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈjumɑlɑ/
- Hyphenation: ju‧ma‧la
Noun
jumala (genitive jumalan, partitive jumalua)
Declension
| Viena Karelian declension of jumala (type 4/kala, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | jumala | jumalat | |
| genitive | jumalan | jumalojen | |
| partitive | jumalua | jumaloja | |
| illative | jumalah | jumaloih | |
| inessive | jumalašša | jumaloissa | |
| elative | jumalašta | jumaloista | |
| adessive | jumalalla | jumaloilla | |
| ablative | jumalalta | jumaloilta | |
| translative | jumalakši | jumaloiksi | |
| essive | jumalana | jumaloina | |
| comitative | — | jumaloineh | |
| abessive | jumalatta | jumaloitta | |
| prolative | — | — | |
| instructive | — | jumaloin | |
| Tver Karelian declension of jumala (type 4/kala no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | jumala | jumalat | |
| genitive | jumalan | jumaloin | |
| partitive | jumalua | jumaloida | |
| illative | jumalah | jumaloih | |
| inessive | jumalašša | jumaloissa | |
| elative | jumalašta | jumaloista | |
| adessive | jumalalla | jumaloilla | |
| ablative | jumalalda | jumaloilda | |
| translative | jumalakši | jumaloiksi | |
| essive | jumalana | jumaloina | |
| comitative | jumalanke | jumaloinke | |
| abessive | jumalatta | jumaloitta | |
| prolative | jumalačči | jumaloičči | |
| instructive | — | jumaloin | |
| Possessive forms of jumala | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | jumalani | |
| 2nd person | jumalaš | |
| 3rd person | jumalah | |
| *) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses. | ||
References
- A. V. Punzhina (1994), “jumala”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
- P. Zaykov; L. Rugoyeva (1999), “jumala”, in Карельско-Русский словарь (Северно-Карельские диалекты) [Karelian-Russian dictionary (North Karelian dialects)], Petrozavodsk, →ISBN, page 41
- Pertti Virtaranta; Raija Koponen (2009), “jumala”, in Marja Torikka, editor, Karjalan kielen sanakirja[4], Helsinki: Kotus, →ISSN