iuro

Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

    From Old Latin iovesō, from Proto-Italic *jowezāō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew-. By surface analysis, iūs +‎ .

    Pronunciation

    Verb

    iūrō (present infinitive iūrāre, perfect active iūrāvī, supine iūrātum); first conjugation

    1. to confirm formally, to pronounce enforceably, to swear, to vow, to take an oath
      • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.425–426:
        “Nōn ego cum Danaīs Troiānam exscindere gentem
        Aulide iūrāvī, classemve ad Pergama mīsī, [...].”
        I never swore the Grecian oath at Aulis to destroy the Trojan race, nor did I send warships against Pergamum, [...].”

    Conjugation

    1At least one use of the Old Latin "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    References

    • juro”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • iuro”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • iuro”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
    • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
      • I swear on my conscience: ex animi mei sententia iuro
      • to swear obedience to a law: in legem iurare (Sest. 16. 37)
      • (ambiguous) to give the state a constitution: civitati leges, iudicia, iura describere
      • (ambiguous) anarchy reigns supreme: omnia divina humanaque iura permiscentur (B. C. 1. 6. 8)
      • (ambiguous) to trample all law under foot: omnia iura pervertere