idoneus

Latin

Etymology

Uncertain. Brugmann derives it from an unattested adverb *idō, like ultrōneus (“voluntary”) is from ultrō (“beyond”, adverb) and extrāneus (“foreign”) from extrā (“outside”, adverb). This adverb can be compared with Sanskrit इद् आ (íd ā́, “precisely that”) and univerbated इदा (idā́, “now”), Avestan 𐬌𐬜𐬀 (iδa, “now”), Gothic ita (“it”), and Old Irish ed (“it”),[1] which Dunkel identifies with a sequence of Proto-Indo-European *íd (“it”) + *óh₁ (emphatic particle). Idōneus would therefore originally have meant something like “of such nature”.[2]

Walde and Hofmann prefer the analysis *idō < Proto-Indo-European *íd + *-dō, literally “to that” (compare dōnique).[3] De Vaan gives no etymology.[4]

Pronunciation

Adjective

idōneus (feminine idōnea, neuter idōneum, comparative magis idōneus, superlative maximē idōneus, adverb idōneē); first/second-declension adjective

  1. suitable, proper, fit, apt, convenient
    Synonyms: commodus, conveniēns, aptus, habilis, opportūnus, dignus, lēgitimus, ūtilis, salūber, iūstus, ūtēnsilis
    Antonyms: incommodus, inūtilis, ineptus
    Triclīnium idōneum erat cēnandō.
    The dining room was suitable for having dinner.
  2. sufficient

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative idōneus idōnea idōneum idōneī idōneae idōnea
genitive idōneī idōneae idōneī idōneōrum idōneārum idōneōrum
dative idōneō idōneae idōneō idōneīs
accusative idōneum idōneam idōneum idōneōs idōneās idōnea
ablative idōneō idōneā idōneō idōneīs
vocative idōnee idōnea idōneum idōneī idōneae idōnea

Descendants

  • → Catalan: idoni
  • → English: idoneous
  • → French: idoine
  • → Italian: idoneo
  • → Portuguese: idóneo, idôneo
  • → Spanish: idóneo

References

  1. ^ Karl Brugmann (1904), Die Demonstrativpronomina der indogermanischen Sprachen (Abhandlungen der philologisch-historischen Klasse der königlich sächsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften; 22) (in German), Nr. 6, idōneus, page 142
  2. ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014), “*éh₁, *óh₁”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 215
  3. ^ Walde, Alois; Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1938), “idōneus”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 671f.
  4. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 295

Further reading

  • “idoneus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “idoneus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • "idoneus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • “idoneus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to meet with good weather: tempestatem idoneam, bonam nancisci
    • to find a suitable pretext: causam idoneam nancisci
    • in a favourable position: idoneo, aequo, suo (opp. iniquo) loco
    • to choose suitable ground for an engagement: locum ad pugnam idoneum deligere
    • the ships sail out on a fair wind: ventum (tempestatem) nancti idoneum ex portu exeunt
  • idoneus in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
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