hiru
Basque
| 30 | ||
| ← 2 | 3 | 4 → |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: hiru Ordinal: hirugarren Multiplier: hirukoitz Distributive: hiruna Collective: hirukote Fractional: heren | ||
Alternative forms
- hirur (Navarro-Lapurdian, Upper Navarre, Soule)
- irur, iru (Soule)
Etymology
Possibly from Proto-Basque *(h)iluŕ (“three”). Often compared with Iberian ilun (“three”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (Navarro-Lapurdian) /hiɾu/ [hi.ɾu]
- IPA(key): (Southern) /iɾu/ [i.ɾu]
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -iɾu, -u
- Hyphenation: hi‧ru
Numeral
hiru
Declension
| indefinite | singular | plural | proximal plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| absolutive | hiru | hirua | hiruak, hirurak | hiruok, hirurok | |
| ergative | hiruk | hiruak | hiruek, hirurek | hiruok, hirurok | |
| dative | hiruri | hiruari | hiruei, hirurei | hiruoi, hiruroi | |
| genitive | hiruren | hiruaren | hiruen, hiruren | hiruon, hiruron | |
| comitative | hirurekin | hiruarekin | hiruekin, hirurekin | hiruokin, hirurokin | |
| causative | hirurengatik | hiruarengatik | hiruengatik, hirurengatik | hiruongatik, hirurongatik | |
| benefactive | hirurentzat | hiruarentzat | hiruentzat, hirurentzat | hiruontzat, hirurontzat | |
| instrumental | hiruz | hiruaz | hiruez, hirurez | hiruotaz, hirurotaz | |
| innesive | anim. | hirurengan | hiruarengan | hiruengan, hirurengan | hiruongan, hirurongan |
| inan. | hirutan | hiruan | hiruetan, hiruretan | hiruotan, hirurotan | |
| locative | anim. | — | — | — | — |
| inan. | hirutako | hiruko | hiruetako, hiruretako | hiruotako, hirurotako | |
| allative | anim. | hirurengana | hiruarengana | hiruengana, hirurengana | hiruongana, hirurongana |
| inan. | hirutara | hirura | hiruetara, hiruretara | hiruotara, hirurotara | |
| terminative | anim. | hirurenganaino | hiruarenganaino | hiruenganaino, hirurenganaino | hiruonganaino, hiruronganaino |
| inan. | hirutaraino | hiruraino | hiruetaraino, hiruretaraino | hiruotaraino, hirurotaraino | |
| directive | anim. | hirurenganantz | hiruarenganantz | hiruenganantz, hirurenganantz | hiruonganantz, hiruronganantz |
| inan. | hirutarantz | hirurantz | hiruetarantz, hiruretarantz | hiruotarantz, hirurotarantz | |
| destinative | anim. | hirurenganako | hiruarenganako | hiruenganako, hirurenganako | hiruonganako, hiruronganako |
| inan. | hirutarako | hirurako | hiruetarako, hiruretarako | hiruotarako, hirurotarako | |
| ablative | anim. | hirurengandik | hiruarengandik | hiruengandik, hirurengandik | hiruongandik, hirurongandik |
| inan. | hirutatik | hirutik | hiruetatik, hiruretatik | hiruotatik, hirurotatik | |
| partitive | hirurik | — | — | — | |
| prolative | hirutzat | — | — | — | |
1. Plural forms in the first column are used when the numeral functions as a noun, while those in the second are used when it functions as a pronoun.
References
Further reading
- “hiru”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005
- “hiru”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
- R. L. Trask (2008), “hiru”, in Max W. Wheeler, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Basque, University of Sussex, page 231
Japanese
Romanization
hiru