hindura

Tooro

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-pɪ̀ndʊda, from Proto-Bantu *-pɪ̀nda. Cognate with Swahili -pindua.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /hiˑndúɾa/

Verb

-hindura (infinitive okuhindura) (transitive)

  1. to turn
    1. to turn back
    2. to turn over
  2. to change
  3. to convert
  4. to translate, to interpret

Conjugation

Conjugation of -hindura
infinitives
affirmative okuhindura
negative okutahindura
imperatives
affirmative hindura
negative (see second-person negative subjunctive forms)
tense polarity basic forms relative forms1
present habitual affirmative
subject concord + -hindura
person noun class singular plural
first person mpindura tuhindura
second person ohindura muhindura
third person 1/2 ahindura bahindura
3/4 guhindura ehindura
5/6 lihindura gahindura
7/8 kihindura bihindura
9/10 ehindura zihindura
11/10 ruhindura
12/14 kahindura buhindura
13 — tuhindura
14/6 buhindura gahindura
15/6 kuhindura
16 hahindura —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -hindura
person noun class singular plural
first person timpindura tituhindura
second person tohindura timuhindura
third person 1/2 tahindura tibahindura
3/4 tiguhindura tehindura
5/6 tirihindura tigahindura
7/8 tikihindura tibihindura
9/10 tehindura tizihindura
11/10 tiruhindura
12/14 tikahindura tibuhindura
13 — tituhindura
14/6 tibuhindura tigahindura
15/6 tikuhindura
16 tihahindura —
subject concord + -tahindura
present continuous affirmative
ni- + subject concord + -hindura
person noun class singular plural
first person nimpindura nituhindura
second person noohindura nimuhindura
third person 1/2 naahindura nibahindura
3/4 niguhindura neehindura
5/6 nirihindura nigahindura
7/8 nikihindura nibihindura
9/10 neehindura nizihindura
11/10 niruhindura
12/14 nikahindura nibuhindura
13 — nituhindura
14/6 nibuhindura nigahindura
15/6 nikuhindura
16 nihahindura —
subject concord + -rukuhindura
negative
ti- + subject concord + -rukuhindura
person noun class singular plural
first person tindukuhindura titurukuhindura
second person torukuhindura timurukuhindura
third person 1/2 tarukuhindura tibarukuhindura
3/4 tigurukuhindura terukuhindura
5/6 tirirukuhindura tigarukuhindura
7/8 tikirukuhindura tibirukuhindura
9/10 terukuhindura tizirukuhindura
11/10 tirurukuhindura
12/14 tikarukuhindura tiburukuhindura
13 — titurukuhindura
14/6 tiburukuhindura tigarukuhindura
15/6 tikurukuhindura
16 tiharukuhindura —
subject concord + -tarukuhindura
present continuative affirmative
ni- + subject concord + -kyahindura
person noun class singular plural
first person ninkyahindura nitukyahindura
second person nookyahindura nimukyahindura
third person 1/2 naakyahindura nibakyahindura
3/4 nigukyahindura neekyahindura
5/6 nirikyahindura nigakyahindura
7/8 nikikyahindura nibikyahindura
9/10 neekyahindura nizikyahindura
11/10 nirukyahindura
12/14 nikakyahindura nibukyahindura
13 — nitukyahindura
14/6 nibukyahindura nigakyahindura
15/6 nikukyahindura
16 nihakyahindura —
subject concord + -rukukyahindura
negative
ti- + subject concord + -kyahindura
person noun class singular plural
first person tinkyahindura titukyahindura
second person tokyahindura timukyahindura
third person 1/2 takyahindura tibakyahindura
3/4 tigukyahindura tekyahindura
5/6 tirikyahindura tigakyahindura
7/8 tikikyahindura tibikyahindura
9/10 tekyahindura tizikyahindura
11/10 tirukyahindura
12/14 tikakyahindura tibukyahindura
13 — titukyahindura
14/6 tibukyahindura tigakyahindura
15/6 tikukyahindura
16 tihakyahindura —
subject concord + -takyahindura
virtual present affirmative
subject concord + -ahindura
person noun class singular plural
first person nahindura twahindura
second person wahindura mwahindura
third person 1/2 yahindura baahindura
3/4 gwahindura yahindura
5/6 lyahindura gaahindura
7/8 kyahindura byahindura
9/10 yahindura zaahindura
11/10 rwahindura
12/14 kaahindura bwahindura
13 — twahindura
14/6 bwahindura gaahindura
15/6 kwahindura
16 haahindura —
negative
ti- + subject concord + ahindura
person noun class singular plural
first person tinahindura titwahindura
second person tiwahindura timwahindura
third person 1/2 tiyahindura tibaahindura
3/4 tigwahindura tiyahindura
5/6 tiryahindura tigaahindura
7/8 tikyahindura tibyahindura
9/10 tiyahindura tizaahindura
11/10 tirwahindura
12/14 tikaahindura tibwahindura
13 — titwahindura
14/6 tibwahindura tigaahindura
15/6 tikwahindura
16 tihaahindura —
subject concord + -taahindura
present perfect affirmative
subject concord + -hindwire
person noun class singular plural
first person mpindwire tuhindwire
second person ohindwire muhindwire
third person 1/2 ahindwire bahindwire
3/4 guhindwire ehindwire
5/6 lihindwire gahindwire
7/8 kihindwire bihindwire
9/10 ehindwire zihindwire
11/10 ruhindwire
12/14 kahindwire buhindwire
13 — tuhindwire
14/6 buhindwire gahindwire
15/6 kuhindwire
16 hahindwire —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -hindwire
person noun class singular plural
first person timpindwire tituhindwire
second person tohindwire timuhindwire
third person 1/2 tahindwire tibahindwire
3/4 tiguhindwire tehindwire
5/6 tirihindwire tigahindwire
7/8 tikihindwire tibihindwire
9/10 tehindwire tizihindwire
11/10 tiruhindwire
12/14 tikahindwire tibuhindwire
13 — tituhindwire
14/6 tibuhindwire tigahindwire
15/6 tikuhindwire
16 tihahindwire —
subject concord + -tahindwire
near perfective affirmative
subject concord + -akahindura
person noun class singular plural
first person nakahindura twakahindura
second person wakahindura mwakahindura
third person 1/2 yakahindura baakahindura
3/4 gwakahindura yakahindura
5/6 lyakahindura gaakahindura
7/8 kyakahindura byakahindura
9/10 yakahindura zaakahindura
11/10 rwakahindura
12/14 kaakahindura bwakahindura
13 — twakahindura
14/6 bwakahindura gaakahindura
15/6 kwakahindura
16 haakahindura —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -kahindwire
person noun class singular plural
first person tinkahindwire titukahindwire
second person tokahindwire timukahindwire
third person 1/2 takahindwire tibakahindwire
3/4 tigukahindwire tekahindwire
5/6 tirikahindwire tigakahindwire
7/8 tikikahindwire tibikahindwire
9/10 tekahindwire tizikahindwire
11/10 tirukahindwire
12/14 tikakahindwire tibukahindwire
13 — titukahindwire
14/6 tibukahindwire tigakahindwire
15/6 tikukahindwire
16 tihakahindwire —
subject concord + -takahindwire
near past affirmative
subject concord + -hindwirege
person noun class singular plural
first person mpindwirege tuhindwirege
second person ohindwirege muhindwirege
third person 1/2 ahindwirege bahindwirege
3/4 guhindwirege ehindwirege
5/6 lihindwirege gahindwirege
7/8 kihindwirege bihindwirege
9/10 ehindwirege zihindwirege
11/10 ruhindwirege
12/14 kahindwirege buhindwirege
13 — tuhindwirege
14/6 buhindwirege gahindwirege
15/6 kuhindwirege
16 hahindwirege —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -hindwirege
person noun class singular plural
first person timpindwirege tituhindwirege
second person tohindwirege timuhindwirege
third person 1/2 tahindwirege tibahindwirege
3/4 tiguhindwirege tehindwirege
5/6 tirihindwirege tigahindwirege
7/8 tikihindwirege tibihindwirege
9/10 tehindwirege tizihindwirege
11/10 tiruhindwirege
12/14 tikahindwirege tibuhindwirege
13 — tituhindwirege
14/6 tibuhindwirege tigahindwirege
15/6 tikuhindwirege
16 tihahindwirege —
subject concord + -tahindwirege
remote past affirmative
subject concord + -kahindura
person noun class singular plural
first person nkahindura tukahindura
second person okahindura mukahindura
third person 1/2 akahindura bakahindura
3/4 gukahindura ekahindura
5/6 likahindura gakahindura
7/8 kikahindura bikahindura
9/10 ekahindura zikahindura
11/10 rukahindura
12/14 kakahindura bukahindura
13 — tukahindura
14/6 bukahindura gakahindura
15/6 kukahindura
16 hakahindura —
subject concord + -ahindwire
negative
subject concord + -tahindule
person noun class singular plural
first person ntahindule tutahindule
second person otahindule mutahindule
third person 1/2 atahindule batahindule
3/4 gutahindule etahindule
5/6 litahindule gatahindule
7/8 kitahindule bitahindule
9/10 etahindule ziitahindule
11/10 rutahindule
12/14 katahindule butahindule
13 — tutahindule
14/6 butahindule gatahindule
15/6 kutahindule
16 hatahindule —
subject concord + -tarahindwire
experiential perfective affirmative
subject concord + -rahindwire
person noun class singular plural
first person ndahindwire turahindwire
second person orahindwire murahindwire
third person 1/2 arahindwire barahindwire
3/4 gurahindwire erahindwire
5/6 lirahindwire garahindwire
7/8 kirahindwire birahindwire
9/10 erahindwire zirahindwire
11/10 rurahindwire
12/14 karahindwire burahindwire
13 — turahindwire
14/6 burahindwire garahindwire
15/6 kurahindwire
16 harahindwire —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -kahinduraga
person noun class singular plural
first person tinkahinduraga titukahinduraga
second person tokahinduraga timukahinduraga
third person 1/2 takahinduraga tibakahinduraga
3/4 tigukahinduraga tekahinduraga
5/6 tirikahinduraga tigakahinduraga
7/8 tikikahinduraga tibikahinduraga
9/10 tekahinduraga tizikahinduraga
11/10 tirukahinduraga
12/14 tikakahinduraga tibukahinduraga
13 — titukahinduraga
14/6 tibukahinduraga tigakahinduraga
15/6 tikukahinduraga
16 tihakahinduraga —
subject concord + -takahinduraga
cessative perfective affirmative
subject concord + -aahindwire
person noun class singular plural
first person naahindwire twahindwire
second person waahindwire mwahindwire
third person 1/2 yaahindwire baahindwire
3/4 gwahindwire yaahindwire
5/6 lyahindwire gaahindwire
7/8 kyahindwire byahindwire
9/10 yaahindwire zaahindwire
11/10 rwahindwire
12/14 kaahindwire bwahindwire
13 — twahindwire
14/6 bwahindwire gaahindwire
15/6 kwahindwire
16 haahindwire —
past habitual affirmative
subject concord + -ahinduraga
person noun class singular plural
first person nahinduraga twahinduraga
second person wahinduraga mwahinduraga
third person 1/2 yahinduraga baahinduraga
3/4 gwahinduraga yahinduraga
5/6 lyahinduraga gaahinduraga
7/8 kyahinduraga byahinduraga
9/10 yahinduraga zaahinduraga
11/10 rwahinduraga
12/14 kaahinduraga bwahinduraga
13 — twahinduraga
14/6 bwahinduraga gaahinduraga
15/6 kwahinduraga
16 haahinduraga —
negative
ti- + subject concord + ahinduraga
person noun class singular plural
first person tinahinduraga titwahinduraga
second person tiwahinduraga timwahinduraga
third person 1/2 tiyahinduraga tibaahinduraga
3/4 tigwahinduraga tiyahinduraga
5/6 tiryahinduraga tigaahinduraga
7/8 tikyahinduraga tibyahinduraga
9/10 tiyahinduraga tizaahinduraga
11/10 tirwahinduraga
12/14 tikaahinduraga tibwahinduraga
13 — titwahinduraga
14/6 tibwahinduraga tigaahinduraga
15/6 tikwahinduraga
16 tihaahinduraga —
subject concord + -taahinduraga
near future affirmative
subject concord + -raahindura
person noun class singular plural
first person ndaahindura turaahindura
second person oraahindura muraahindura
third person 1/2 araahindura baraahindura
3/4 guraahindura eraahindura
5/6 liraahindura garaahindura
7/8 kiraahindura biraahindura
9/10 eraahindura ziraahindura
11/10 ruraahindura
12/14 karaahindura buraahindura
13 — turaahindura
14/6 buraahindura garaahindura
15/6 kuraahindura
16 haraahindura —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -aahindule
person noun class singular plural
first person tinaahindule titwahindule
second person tiwaahindule timwahindule
third person 1/2 tiyaahindule tibaahindule
3/4 tigwahindule tiyaahindule
5/6 tiryahindule tigaahindule
7/8 tikyahindule tibyahindule
9/10 tiyaahindule tizaahindule
11/10 tirwahindule
12/14 tikaahindule tibwahindule
13 — titwahindule
14/6 tibwahindule tigaahindule
15/6 tikwahindule
16 tihaahindule —
subject concord + -taahindule
remote future affirmative
subject concord + -lihindura
person noun class singular plural
first person ndihindura tulihindura
second person olihindura mulihindura
third person 1/2 alihindura balihindura
3/4 gulihindura erihindura
5/6 lirihindura galihindura
7/8 kirihindura birihindura
9/10 erihindura zirihindura
11/10 rulihindura
12/14 kalihindura bulihindura
13 — tulihindura
14/6 bulihindura galihindura
15/6 kulihindura
16 halihindura —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -lihindura
person noun class singular plural
first person tindihindura titulihindura
second person tolihindura timulihindura
third person 1/2 talihindura tibalihindura
3/4 tigulihindura terihindura
5/6 tiririhindura tigalihindura
7/8 tikirihindura tibirihindura
9/10 terihindura tizirihindura
11/10 tirulihindura
12/14 tikalihindura tibulihindura
13 — titulihindura
14/6 tibulihindura tigalihindura
15/6 tikulihindura
16 tihalihindura —
subject concord + -talihindura
future habitual affirmative
subject concord + -raahinduraga
person noun class singular plural
first person ndaahinduraga turaahinduraga
second person oraahinduraga muraahinduraga
third person 1/2 araahinduraga baraahinduraga
3/4 guraahinduraga eraahinduraga
5/6 liraahinduraga garaahinduraga
7/8 kiraahinduraga biraahinduraga
9/10 eraahinduraga ziraahinduraga
11/10 ruraahinduraga
12/14 karaahinduraga buraahinduraga
13 — turaahinduraga
14/6 buraahinduraga garaahinduraga
15/6 kuraahinduraga
16 haraahinduraga —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -aahindulege
person noun class singular plural
first person tinaahindulege titwahindulege
second person tiwaahindulege timwahindulege
third person 1/2 tiyaahindulege tibaahindulege
3/4 tigwahindulege tiyaahindulege
5/6 tiryahindulege tigaahindulege
7/8 tikyahindulege tibyahindulege
9/10 tiyaahindulege tizaahindulege
11/10 tirwahindulege
12/14 tikaahindulege tibwahindulege
13 — titwahindulege
14/6 tibwahindulege tigaahindulege
15/6 tikwahindulege
16 tihaahindulege —
subject concord + -taahindulege
subjunctive affirmative
subject concord + hindule
person noun class singular plural
first person mpindule tuhindule
second person ohindule muhindule
third person 1/2 ahindule bahindule
3/4 guhindule ehindule
5/6 lihindule gahindule
7/8 kihindule bihindule
9/10 ehindule zihindule
11/10 ruhindule
12/14 kahindule buhindule
13 — tuhindule
14/6 buhindule gahindule
15/6 kuhindule
16 hahindule —
negative
subject concord + -tahindura
person noun class singular plural
first person ntahindura tutahindura
second person otahindura mutahindura
third person 1/2 atahindura batahindura
3/4 gutahindura etahindura
5/6 litahindura gatahindura
7/8 kitahindura bitahindura
9/10 etahindura zitahindura
11/10 rutahindura
12/14 katahindura butahindura
13 — tutahindura
14/6 butahindura gatahindura
15/6 kutahindura
16 hatahindura —
—
subjunctive habitual affirmative
subject concord + hindulege
person noun class singular plural
first person mpindulege tuhindulege
second person ohindulege muhindulege
third person 1/2 ahindulege bahindulege
3/4 guhindulege ehindulege
5/6 lihindulege gahindulege
7/8 kihindulege bihindulege
9/10 ehindulege zihindulege
11/10 ruhindulege
12/14 kahindulege buhindulege
13 — tuhindulege
14/6 buhindulege gahindulege
15/6 kuhindulege
16 hahindulege —
hypothetical affirmative
subject concord + -aakuhindura
person noun class singular plural
first person naakuhindura twakuhindura
second person waakuhindura mwakuhindura
third person 1/2 yaakuhindura baakuhindura
3/4 gwakuhindura yaakuhindura
5/6 lyakuhindura gaakuhindura
7/8 kyakuhindura byakuhindura
9/10 yaakuhindura zaakuhindura
11/10 rwakuhindura
12/14 kaakuhindura bwakuhindura
13 — twakuhindura
14/6 bwakuhindura gaakuhindura
15/6 kwakuhindura
16 haakuhindura —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -aakuhindura
person noun class singular plural
first person tinaakuhindura titwakuhindura
second person tiwaakuhindura timwakuhindura
third person 1/2 tiyaakuhindura tibaakuhindura
3/4 tigwakuhindura tiyaakuhindura
5/6 tiryakuhindura tigaakuhindura
7/8 tikyakuhindura tibyakuhindura
9/10 tiyaakuhindura tizaakuhindura
11/10 tirwakuhindura
12/14 tikaakuhindura tibwakuhindura
13 — titwakuhindura
14/6 tibwakuhindura tigaakuhindura
15/6 tikwakuhindura
16 tihaakuhindura —
subject concord + -taakuhindura
conditional affirmative
subject concord + -aakuhindwire
person noun class singular plural
first person naakuhindwire twakuhindwire
second person waakuhindwire mwakuhindwire
third person 1/2 yaakuhindwire baakuhindwire
3/4 gwakuhindwire yaakuhindwire
5/6 lyakuhindwire gaakuhindwire
7/8 kyakuhindwire byakuhindwire
9/10 yaakuhindwire zaakuhindwire
11/10 rwakuhindwire
12/14 kaakuhindwire bwakuhindwire
13 — twakuhindwire
14/6 bwakuhindwire gaakuhindwire
15/6 kwakuhindwire
16 haakuhindwire —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -aakuhindwire
person noun class singular plural
first person tinaakuhindwire titwakuhindwire
second person tiwaakuhindwire timwakuhindwire
third person 1/2 tiyaakuhindwire tibaakuhindwire
3/4 tigwakuhindwire tiyaakuhindwire
5/6 tiryakuhindwire tigaakuhindwire
7/8 tikyakuhindwire tibyakuhindwire
9/10 tiyaakuhindwire tizaakuhindwire
11/10 tirwakuhindwire
12/14 tikaakuhindwire tibwakuhindwire
13 — titwakuhindwire
14/6 tibwakuhindwire tigaakuhindwire
15/6 tikwakuhindwire
16 tihaakuhindwire —
subject concord + -taakuhindwire

1 The forms in this column are reduced relative forms; full relative forms require an augment before the subject concord.


Derived terms

  • Verbal derivations:
    • Intransitive: -hinduka
    • Reflexive: -ehindura
  • Nominal derivations:
    • empindura (“alteration”)
    • omuhinduzi (“interpreter”)

References

  • Kaji, Shigeki (2007), A Rutooro Vocabulary‎[1], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, pages 303, 351
  • Rubongoya, L. T. (2013), Katondogorozi y'Orunyoro-Rutooro n'Orungereza [Runyoro–Rutooro-English and English-Runyoro–Rutooro dictionary]‎[2], Kampala: Modrug Publishers, →ISBN, page 121
  • Entry 2534 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3
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