hinduka

Tooro

Etymology

Inherited from Common Bantu *-pɪ̀ndʊka, from Proto-Bantu *-pɪ̀nda. By surface analysis, -hindura +‎ -uk- (intransitive infix).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /hiˑndúka/

Verb

-hinduka (infinitive okuhinduka) (intransitive)

  1. to turn
    1. to turn back
    2. to turn over
    3. to face, to turn towards
  2. to change, to become
  3. to be converted

Conjugation

Conjugation of -hinduka
infinitives
affirmative okuhinduka
negative okutahinduka
imperatives
affirmative hinduka
negative (see second-person negative subjunctive forms)
tense polarity basic forms relative forms1
present habitual affirmative
subject concord + -hinduka
person noun class singular plural
first person mpinduka tuhinduka
second person ohinduka muhinduka
third person 1/2 ahinduka bahinduka
3/4 guhinduka ehinduka
5/6 lihinduka gahinduka
7/8 kihinduka bihinduka
9/10 ehinduka zihinduka
11/10 ruhinduka
12/14 kahinduka buhinduka
13 — tuhinduka
14/6 buhinduka gahinduka
15/6 kuhinduka
16 hahinduka —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -hinduka
person noun class singular plural
first person timpinduka tituhinduka
second person tohinduka timuhinduka
third person 1/2 tahinduka tibahinduka
3/4 tiguhinduka tehinduka
5/6 tirihinduka tigahinduka
7/8 tikihinduka tibihinduka
9/10 tehinduka tizihinduka
11/10 tiruhinduka
12/14 tikahinduka tibuhinduka
13 — tituhinduka
14/6 tibuhinduka tigahinduka
15/6 tikuhinduka
16 tihahinduka —
subject concord + -tahinduka
present continuous affirmative
ni- + subject concord + -hinduka
person noun class singular plural
first person nimpinduka nituhinduka
second person noohinduka nimuhinduka
third person 1/2 naahinduka nibahinduka
3/4 niguhinduka neehinduka
5/6 nirihinduka nigahinduka
7/8 nikihinduka nibihinduka
9/10 neehinduka nizihinduka
11/10 niruhinduka
12/14 nikahinduka nibuhinduka
13 — nituhinduka
14/6 nibuhinduka nigahinduka
15/6 nikuhinduka
16 nihahinduka —
subject concord + -rukuhinduka
negative
ti- + subject concord + -rukuhinduka
person noun class singular plural
first person tindukuhinduka titurukuhinduka
second person torukuhinduka timurukuhinduka
third person 1/2 tarukuhinduka tibarukuhinduka
3/4 tigurukuhinduka terukuhinduka
5/6 tirirukuhinduka tigarukuhinduka
7/8 tikirukuhinduka tibirukuhinduka
9/10 terukuhinduka tizirukuhinduka
11/10 tirurukuhinduka
12/14 tikarukuhinduka tiburukuhinduka
13 — titurukuhinduka
14/6 tiburukuhinduka tigarukuhinduka
15/6 tikurukuhinduka
16 tiharukuhinduka —
subject concord + -tarukuhinduka
present continuative affirmative
ni- + subject concord + -kyahinduka
person noun class singular plural
first person ninkyahinduka nitukyahinduka
second person nookyahinduka nimukyahinduka
third person 1/2 naakyahinduka nibakyahinduka
3/4 nigukyahinduka neekyahinduka
5/6 nirikyahinduka nigakyahinduka
7/8 nikikyahinduka nibikyahinduka
9/10 neekyahinduka nizikyahinduka
11/10 nirukyahinduka
12/14 nikakyahinduka nibukyahinduka
13 — nitukyahinduka
14/6 nibukyahinduka nigakyahinduka
15/6 nikukyahinduka
16 nihakyahinduka —
subject concord + -rukukyahinduka
negative
ti- + subject concord + -kyahinduka
person noun class singular plural
first person tinkyahinduka titukyahinduka
second person tokyahinduka timukyahinduka
third person 1/2 takyahinduka tibakyahinduka
3/4 tigukyahinduka tekyahinduka
5/6 tirikyahinduka tigakyahinduka
7/8 tikikyahinduka tibikyahinduka
9/10 tekyahinduka tizikyahinduka
11/10 tirukyahinduka
12/14 tikakyahinduka tibukyahinduka
13 — titukyahinduka
14/6 tibukyahinduka tigakyahinduka
15/6 tikukyahinduka
16 tihakyahinduka —
subject concord + -takyahinduka
virtual present affirmative
subject concord + -ahinduka
person noun class singular plural
first person nahinduka twahinduka
second person wahinduka mwahinduka
third person 1/2 yahinduka baahinduka
3/4 gwahinduka yahinduka
5/6 lyahinduka gaahinduka
7/8 kyahinduka byahinduka
9/10 yahinduka zaahinduka
11/10 rwahinduka
12/14 kaahinduka bwahinduka
13 — twahinduka
14/6 bwahinduka gaahinduka
15/6 kwahinduka
16 haahinduka —
negative
ti- + subject concord + ahinduka
person noun class singular plural
first person tinahinduka titwahinduka
second person tiwahinduka timwahinduka
third person 1/2 tiyahinduka tibaahinduka
3/4 tigwahinduka tiyahinduka
5/6 tiryahinduka tigaahinduka
7/8 tikyahinduka tibyahinduka
9/10 tiyahinduka tizaahinduka
11/10 tirwahinduka
12/14 tikaahinduka tibwahinduka
13 — titwahinduka
14/6 tibwahinduka tigaahinduka
15/6 tikwahinduka
16 tihaahinduka —
subject concord + -taahinduka
present perfect affirmative
subject concord + -hindukire
person noun class singular plural
first person mpindukire tuhindukire
second person ohindukire muhindukire
third person 1/2 ahindukire bahindukire
3/4 guhindukire ehindukire
5/6 lihindukire gahindukire
7/8 kihindukire bihindukire
9/10 ehindukire zihindukire
11/10 ruhindukire
12/14 kahindukire buhindukire
13 — tuhindukire
14/6 buhindukire gahindukire
15/6 kuhindukire
16 hahindukire —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -hindukire
person noun class singular plural
first person timpindukire tituhindukire
second person tohindukire timuhindukire
third person 1/2 tahindukire tibahindukire
3/4 tiguhindukire tehindukire
5/6 tirihindukire tigahindukire
7/8 tikihindukire tibihindukire
9/10 tehindukire tizihindukire
11/10 tiruhindukire
12/14 tikahindukire tibuhindukire
13 — tituhindukire
14/6 tibuhindukire tigahindukire
15/6 tikuhindukire
16 tihahindukire —
subject concord + -tahindukire
near perfective affirmative
subject concord + -akahinduka
person noun class singular plural
first person nakahinduka twakahinduka
second person wakahinduka mwakahinduka
third person 1/2 yakahinduka baakahinduka
3/4 gwakahinduka yakahinduka
5/6 lyakahinduka gaakahinduka
7/8 kyakahinduka byakahinduka
9/10 yakahinduka zaakahinduka
11/10 rwakahinduka
12/14 kaakahinduka bwakahinduka
13 — twakahinduka
14/6 bwakahinduka gaakahinduka
15/6 kwakahinduka
16 haakahinduka —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -kahindukire
person noun class singular plural
first person tinkahindukire titukahindukire
second person tokahindukire timukahindukire
third person 1/2 takahindukire tibakahindukire
3/4 tigukahindukire tekahindukire
5/6 tirikahindukire tigakahindukire
7/8 tikikahindukire tibikahindukire
9/10 tekahindukire tizikahindukire
11/10 tirukahindukire
12/14 tikakahindukire tibukahindukire
13 — titukahindukire
14/6 tibukahindukire tigakahindukire
15/6 tikukahindukire
16 tihakahindukire —
subject concord + -takahindukire
near past affirmative
subject concord + -hindukirege
person noun class singular plural
first person mpindukirege tuhindukirege
second person ohindukirege muhindukirege
third person 1/2 ahindukirege bahindukirege
3/4 guhindukirege ehindukirege
5/6 lihindukirege gahindukirege
7/8 kihindukirege bihindukirege
9/10 ehindukirege zihindukirege
11/10 ruhindukirege
12/14 kahindukirege buhindukirege
13 — tuhindukirege
14/6 buhindukirege gahindukirege
15/6 kuhindukirege
16 hahindukirege —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -hindukirege
person noun class singular plural
first person timpindukirege tituhindukirege
second person tohindukirege timuhindukirege
third person 1/2 tahindukirege tibahindukirege
3/4 tiguhindukirege tehindukirege
5/6 tirihindukirege tigahindukirege
7/8 tikihindukirege tibihindukirege
9/10 tehindukirege tizihindukirege
11/10 tiruhindukirege
12/14 tikahindukirege tibuhindukirege
13 — tituhindukirege
14/6 tibuhindukirege tigahindukirege
15/6 tikuhindukirege
16 tihahindukirege —
subject concord + -tahindukirege
remote past affirmative
subject concord + -kahinduka
person noun class singular plural
first person nkahinduka tukahinduka
second person okahinduka mukahinduka
third person 1/2 akahinduka bakahinduka
3/4 gukahinduka ekahinduka
5/6 likahinduka gakahinduka
7/8 kikahinduka bikahinduka
9/10 ekahinduka zikahinduka
11/10 rukahinduka
12/14 kakahinduka bukahinduka
13 — tukahinduka
14/6 bukahinduka gakahinduka
15/6 kukahinduka
16 hakahinduka —
subject concord + -ahindukire
negative
subject concord + -tahinduke
person noun class singular plural
first person ntahinduke tutahinduke
second person otahinduke mutahinduke
third person 1/2 atahinduke batahinduke
3/4 gutahinduke etahinduke
5/6 litahinduke gatahinduke
7/8 kitahinduke bitahinduke
9/10 etahinduke ziitahinduke
11/10 rutahinduke
12/14 katahinduke butahinduke
13 — tutahinduke
14/6 butahinduke gatahinduke
15/6 kutahinduke
16 hatahinduke —
subject concord + -tarahindukire
experiential perfective affirmative
subject concord + -rahindukire
person noun class singular plural
first person ndahindukire turahindukire
second person orahindukire murahindukire
third person 1/2 arahindukire barahindukire
3/4 gurahindukire erahindukire
5/6 lirahindukire garahindukire
7/8 kirahindukire birahindukire
9/10 erahindukire zirahindukire
11/10 rurahindukire
12/14 karahindukire burahindukire
13 — turahindukire
14/6 burahindukire garahindukire
15/6 kurahindukire
16 harahindukire —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -kahindukaga
person noun class singular plural
first person tinkahindukaga titukahindukaga
second person tokahindukaga timukahindukaga
third person 1/2 takahindukaga tibakahindukaga
3/4 tigukahindukaga tekahindukaga
5/6 tirikahindukaga tigakahindukaga
7/8 tikikahindukaga tibikahindukaga
9/10 tekahindukaga tizikahindukaga
11/10 tirukahindukaga
12/14 tikakahindukaga tibukahindukaga
13 — titukahindukaga
14/6 tibukahindukaga tigakahindukaga
15/6 tikukahindukaga
16 tihakahindukaga —
subject concord + -takahindukaga
cessative perfective affirmative
subject concord + -aahindukire
person noun class singular plural
first person naahindukire twahindukire
second person waahindukire mwahindukire
third person 1/2 yaahindukire baahindukire
3/4 gwahindukire yaahindukire
5/6 lyahindukire gaahindukire
7/8 kyahindukire byahindukire
9/10 yaahindukire zaahindukire
11/10 rwahindukire
12/14 kaahindukire bwahindukire
13 — twahindukire
14/6 bwahindukire gaahindukire
15/6 kwahindukire
16 haahindukire —
past habitual affirmative
subject concord + -ahindukaga
person noun class singular plural
first person nahindukaga twahindukaga
second person wahindukaga mwahindukaga
third person 1/2 yahindukaga baahindukaga
3/4 gwahindukaga yahindukaga
5/6 lyahindukaga gaahindukaga
7/8 kyahindukaga byahindukaga
9/10 yahindukaga zaahindukaga
11/10 rwahindukaga
12/14 kaahindukaga bwahindukaga
13 — twahindukaga
14/6 bwahindukaga gaahindukaga
15/6 kwahindukaga
16 haahindukaga —
negative
ti- + subject concord + ahindukaga
person noun class singular plural
first person tinahindukaga titwahindukaga
second person tiwahindukaga timwahindukaga
third person 1/2 tiyahindukaga tibaahindukaga
3/4 tigwahindukaga tiyahindukaga
5/6 tiryahindukaga tigaahindukaga
7/8 tikyahindukaga tibyahindukaga
9/10 tiyahindukaga tizaahindukaga
11/10 tirwahindukaga
12/14 tikaahindukaga tibwahindukaga
13 — titwahindukaga
14/6 tibwahindukaga tigaahindukaga
15/6 tikwahindukaga
16 tihaahindukaga —
subject concord + -taahindukaga
near future affirmative
subject concord + -raahinduka
person noun class singular plural
first person ndaahinduka turaahinduka
second person oraahinduka muraahinduka
third person 1/2 araahinduka baraahinduka
3/4 guraahinduka eraahinduka
5/6 liraahinduka garaahinduka
7/8 kiraahinduka biraahinduka
9/10 eraahinduka ziraahinduka
11/10 ruraahinduka
12/14 karaahinduka buraahinduka
13 — turaahinduka
14/6 buraahinduka garaahinduka
15/6 kuraahinduka
16 haraahinduka —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -aahinduke
person noun class singular plural
first person tinaahinduke titwahinduke
second person tiwaahinduke timwahinduke
third person 1/2 tiyaahinduke tibaahinduke
3/4 tigwahinduke tiyaahinduke
5/6 tiryahinduke tigaahinduke
7/8 tikyahinduke tibyahinduke
9/10 tiyaahinduke tizaahinduke
11/10 tirwahinduke
12/14 tikaahinduke tibwahinduke
13 — titwahinduke
14/6 tibwahinduke tigaahinduke
15/6 tikwahinduke
16 tihaahinduke —
subject concord + -taahinduke
remote future affirmative
subject concord + -lihinduka
person noun class singular plural
first person ndihinduka tulihinduka
second person olihinduka mulihinduka
third person 1/2 alihinduka balihinduka
3/4 gulihinduka erihinduka
5/6 lirihinduka galihinduka
7/8 kirihinduka birihinduka
9/10 erihinduka zirihinduka
11/10 rulihinduka
12/14 kalihinduka bulihinduka
13 — tulihinduka
14/6 bulihinduka galihinduka
15/6 kulihinduka
16 halihinduka —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -lihinduka
person noun class singular plural
first person tindihinduka titulihinduka
second person tolihinduka timulihinduka
third person 1/2 talihinduka tibalihinduka
3/4 tigulihinduka terihinduka
5/6 tiririhinduka tigalihinduka
7/8 tikirihinduka tibirihinduka
9/10 terihinduka tizirihinduka
11/10 tirulihinduka
12/14 tikalihinduka tibulihinduka
13 — titulihinduka
14/6 tibulihinduka tigalihinduka
15/6 tikulihinduka
16 tihalihinduka —
subject concord + -talihinduka
future habitual affirmative
subject concord + -raahindukaga
person noun class singular plural
first person ndaahindukaga turaahindukaga
second person oraahindukaga muraahindukaga
third person 1/2 araahindukaga baraahindukaga
3/4 guraahindukaga eraahindukaga
5/6 liraahindukaga garaahindukaga
7/8 kiraahindukaga biraahindukaga
9/10 eraahindukaga ziraahindukaga
11/10 ruraahindukaga
12/14 karaahindukaga buraahindukaga
13 — turaahindukaga
14/6 buraahindukaga garaahindukaga
15/6 kuraahindukaga
16 haraahindukaga —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -aahindukege
person noun class singular plural
first person tinaahindukege titwahindukege
second person tiwaahindukege timwahindukege
third person 1/2 tiyaahindukege tibaahindukege
3/4 tigwahindukege tiyaahindukege
5/6 tiryahindukege tigaahindukege
7/8 tikyahindukege tibyahindukege
9/10 tiyaahindukege tizaahindukege
11/10 tirwahindukege
12/14 tikaahindukege tibwahindukege
13 — titwahindukege
14/6 tibwahindukege tigaahindukege
15/6 tikwahindukege
16 tihaahindukege —
subject concord + -taahindukege
subjunctive affirmative
subject concord + hinduke
person noun class singular plural
first person mpinduke tuhinduke
second person ohinduke muhinduke
third person 1/2 ahinduke bahinduke
3/4 guhinduke ehinduke
5/6 lihinduke gahinduke
7/8 kihinduke bihinduke
9/10 ehinduke zihinduke
11/10 ruhinduke
12/14 kahinduke buhinduke
13 — tuhinduke
14/6 buhinduke gahinduke
15/6 kuhinduke
16 hahinduke —
negative
subject concord + -tahinduka
person noun class singular plural
first person ntahinduka tutahinduka
second person otahinduka mutahinduka
third person 1/2 atahinduka batahinduka
3/4 gutahinduka etahinduka
5/6 litahinduka gatahinduka
7/8 kitahinduka bitahinduka
9/10 etahinduka zitahinduka
11/10 rutahinduka
12/14 katahinduka butahinduka
13 — tutahinduka
14/6 butahinduka gatahinduka
15/6 kutahinduka
16 hatahinduka —
—
subjunctive habitual affirmative
subject concord + hindukege
person noun class singular plural
first person mpindukege tuhindukege
second person ohindukege muhindukege
third person 1/2 ahindukege bahindukege
3/4 guhindukege ehindukege
5/6 lihindukege gahindukege
7/8 kihindukege bihindukege
9/10 ehindukege zihindukege
11/10 ruhindukege
12/14 kahindukege buhindukege
13 — tuhindukege
14/6 buhindukege gahindukege
15/6 kuhindukege
16 hahindukege —
hypothetical affirmative
subject concord + -aakuhinduka
person noun class singular plural
first person naakuhinduka twakuhinduka
second person waakuhinduka mwakuhinduka
third person 1/2 yaakuhinduka baakuhinduka
3/4 gwakuhinduka yaakuhinduka
5/6 lyakuhinduka gaakuhinduka
7/8 kyakuhinduka byakuhinduka
9/10 yaakuhinduka zaakuhinduka
11/10 rwakuhinduka
12/14 kaakuhinduka bwakuhinduka
13 — twakuhinduka
14/6 bwakuhinduka gaakuhinduka
15/6 kwakuhinduka
16 haakuhinduka —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -aakuhinduka
person noun class singular plural
first person tinaakuhinduka titwakuhinduka
second person tiwaakuhinduka timwakuhinduka
third person 1/2 tiyaakuhinduka tibaakuhinduka
3/4 tigwakuhinduka tiyaakuhinduka
5/6 tiryakuhinduka tigaakuhinduka
7/8 tikyakuhinduka tibyakuhinduka
9/10 tiyaakuhinduka tizaakuhinduka
11/10 tirwakuhinduka
12/14 tikaakuhinduka tibwakuhinduka
13 — titwakuhinduka
14/6 tibwakuhinduka tigaakuhinduka
15/6 tikwakuhinduka
16 tihaakuhinduka —
subject concord + -taakuhinduka
conditional affirmative
subject concord + -aakuhindukire
person noun class singular plural
first person naakuhindukire twakuhindukire
second person waakuhindukire mwakuhindukire
third person 1/2 yaakuhindukire baakuhindukire
3/4 gwakuhindukire yaakuhindukire
5/6 lyakuhindukire gaakuhindukire
7/8 kyakuhindukire byakuhindukire
9/10 yaakuhindukire zaakuhindukire
11/10 rwakuhindukire
12/14 kaakuhindukire bwakuhindukire
13 — twakuhindukire
14/6 bwakuhindukire gaakuhindukire
15/6 kwakuhindukire
16 haakuhindukire —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -aakuhindukire
person noun class singular plural
first person tinaakuhindukire titwakuhindukire
second person tiwaakuhindukire timwakuhindukire
third person 1/2 tiyaakuhindukire tibaakuhindukire
3/4 tigwakuhindukire tiyaakuhindukire
5/6 tiryakuhindukire tigaakuhindukire
7/8 tikyakuhindukire tibyakuhindukire
9/10 tiyaakuhindukire tizaakuhindukire
11/10 tirwakuhindukire
12/14 tikaakuhindukire tibwakuhindukire
13 — titwakuhindukire
14/6 tibwakuhindukire tigaakuhindukire
15/6 tikwakuhindukire
16 tihaakuhindukire —
subject concord + -taakuhindukire

1 The forms in this column are reduced relative forms; full relative forms require an augment before the subject concord.


Derived terms

  • Verbal derivations:
    • Applicative: -hindukira
  • Nominal derivations:
    • empinduka (“change, transformation”)
    • omuhinduki (“convert, proselyte”)

References

  • Kaji, Shigeki (2007), A Rutooro Vocabulary‎[1], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, pages 303, 351
  • Rubongoya, L. T. (2013), Katondogorozi y'Orunyoro-Rutooro n'Orungereza [Runyoro–Rutooro-English and English-Runyoro–Rutooro dictionary]‎[2], Kampala: Modrug Publishers, →ISBN, page 121
  • Entry 2538 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3
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