gian khổ

See also: gian khó

Vietnamese

Etymology

    Sino-Vietnamese word from 艱苦.

    Pronunciation

    • (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [zaːn˧˧ xo˧˩]
    • (Huế) IPA(key): [jaːŋ˧˧ kʰow˧˨]
    • (Saigon) IPA(key): [jaːŋ˧˧ kʰow˨˩˦]

    Noun

    gian khổ

    1. hardship; misery; adversity
      kinh qua nhiều gian khổ chông gai ― to go through a hard time

    Adjective

    gian khổ

    1. hard; difficult; arduous
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