ghe-

Dena'ina

Etymology

Compare Ahtna gh-, Navajo yi-

Pronunciation

Prefix

ghe-

  1. A modal used to mark the following modes.
    1. Progressive
      gheshyuł ― I'm walking along
      ihyuł ― you two are walking along
    2. Future (with te-)
    3. Optative-intentional
    4. Imperfective (of most neuter verbs)
      dghildit ― it is narrow
      dghelyan ― he/she is fat
    5. Perfective (of some verbs, mostly associated with actions taking place repeatedly or over a prolonged period of time)
      gheshdnun ― I drank it
      ihdnun ― you drank it
      qudnun ― they drank it

Usage notes

  • To form the future mode, this prefix is paired with the inceptive prefix te-
  • The ghe-imperfective paradigm, formed with this prefix and the imperfective stem, contains most neuter verbs.
  • This prefix is realized as gh- before a full vowel. ghe- combines with the subject prefix eh- to form ih-.
  • In the ghe-perfective paradigm, this prefix is followed by the perfective prefix i- except before the first or second person plural subject markers. In the first person singular, the i- prefix is merged into following esh-. When preceded by a prefix of the form Ce, the gh of this prefix is lost and the /e/ vowel is converted to /u/.

References

  • Tenenbaum, Joan Marsha (1978), Morphology and Semantics of the Tanaina Verb, Columbia University, pages 87-93
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