ganani

Nheengatu

Etymology

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁en-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁én
Proto-Italic *en
Proto-Italic *en-
Early Medieval Latin in-
Early Medieval Latin ganniō
Early Medieval Latin *gannō
Early Medieval Latin ingannāre
Old Galician-Portuguese enganar
Portuguese enganarder.
Nheengatu ganani

    Inherited from Old Tupi [Term?], borrowed from Portuguese enganar (“to deceive”).[1]

    Verb

    ganani

    1. (transitive) to deceive; to trick
      Synonym: muyawí
      • 1898, José Lourenço da Costa Aguiar, “APGAUA ÀRI [Fall of man]”, in Christu Muhençáua [Christ's Doctrine] (overall work in Nheengatu and Portuguese), Petropolis: Pacheco, Silva & C., writen in São Paulo de Olivença, page 83:
        Ianê Iara Tupana u-hinhin cunhâ çupé: — Mahá tahá re-munhan iaué? Aé u-çuaxára: — Buia u-ganani ixé; xaúana.
        Our Lord God asked the woman: “Why did you do this?” She answered: “The snake tricked me and I ate it [the apple].”
    2. (transitive) to pretend (to make oneself appear to do something) [(often) with -ntu]
      Synonyms: muanga, munhã
    3. (intransitive) to lie [with supé or arama ‘to someone’; or with esé or esewara ‘about something’]

    Conjugation

    Conjugation of ganani
    singular plural
    first second third first second third
    indicative affirmative aganani reganani uganani yaganani peganani uganani
    negative ti aganani ti reganani ti uganani ti yaganani ti peganani ti uganani
    imperative affirmative reganani yaganani peganani
    negative te reganani te yaganani te peganani

    Derived terms

    • gananisawa
    • gananiwera

    References

    1. ^ Avila, Marcel Twardowsky (2021), “ganani”, in Proposta de dicionário nheengatu-português [Nheengatu–Portuguese dictionary proposal]‎[1] (in Portuguese), São Paulo: USP, →DOI, pages 308–309
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