foule

foule (comparative more foule, superlative most foule)

1. Obsolete form of foul.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     The Patron of true Holinesse
      foule Errour doth defeate;
     Hypocrisie him to entrappe
      doth to his home entreate.

• foule mudammas (etymologically unrelated)

• IPA^(key): /ful/

• Audio:

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• Audio (France (Vosges)):

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• Audio (France (Lyon)):

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• Rhymes: -ul
• Homophones: foulent, foules

Inherited from Middle French foule (“group of men, people collectively”), alteration (due to Middle French foule (“act of treading”)) of Old French foulc (“people, multitude, crowd, troop”), from Early Medieval Latin fulcus, from Frankish *folc, *fulc (“crowd, multitude, people”), from Proto-Germanic *fulką (“collection or class of people, multitude; host of warriors”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”). Cognate with Old High German folc (“people collectively, nation”), Old English folc (“common people, troop, multitude”). More at folk.

For the loss of c after l, compare Old French mareschal, seneschal, etc.

foule f (plural foules)

1. crowd

   Les psychologues sociaux ont développé plusieurs théories afin d'expliquer la façon dont la psychologie d'une foule diffère et interagit avec celle des individus en son sein.

   Social Psychologists have developed several theories to explain the way in which the psychology of a crowd differs and interacts with that of the individuals within it.

2. the thronging of a crowd
3. a great number, multitude, mass; host

• bain de foule

From Middle French foule (“the act of milling clothes or hats”) and fouler (“to trample, mill, fordo, mistreat”), from Old French foler (“to crush, act wickedly”), from Latin fullō (“to trample, to full”). More at full.

foule f (plural foules)

1. the act or process of treading or milling
2. oppression, vexation

foule

1. inflection of fouler:
   1. first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
   2. second-person singular imperative

• “foule”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

• floue

• Audio (Germany (Berlin)):

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foule

1. inflection of foulen:
   1. first-person singular present
   2. first/third-person singular subjunctive I
   3. singular imperative

Inherited from Old English fūle (“foully”); by surface analysis, foul (“foul”) +‎ -e (adverbial suffix).

• ffoule, foul
• fule (Early Middle English or Northern); fowle, foylle (Late Middle English)
• full (Lincolnshire); fulle (North Riding)

• IPA^(key): /ˈfuːl(ə)/

foule

1. In an ugly or displeasing way; unattractively, unpleasantly:
   1. Filthily; in a dirty or revolting manner.

      Synonym: foully

   2. Noxiously, poisonously (especially of smells)
2. In an improper or incorrect way; inappropriately:

   Synonym: foully

   1. Sinfully, deceitfully; while violating morals.
   2. Disgracefully, shamefully; in a humiliating way.
3. Harshly, forcefully; in a severe way.

   Synonym: foully

4. Unfortunately; through bad luck.

   Synonym: foully

• English: foul

• “fǒul(e, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

foule

1. inflection of foul (“foul”):
   1. weak singular
   2. strong/weak plural
2. (especially Late Middle English) alternative form of foul (“foul”)

foule

1. alternative form of foulen (“to foul”)

From Old French foulc (“people, multitude, crowd, troop”), from Vulgar Latin, from Frankish *folk (“crowd, multitude, people”), from Proto-Germanic *fulką (“collection or class of people, multitude; host of warriors”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”).

foule f (plural foules)

1. (Jersey) crowd

• fliotchet