foreith

Old Irish

Etymology

    From Proto-Celtic *uɸoreteti (to help) (compare Welsh gwared), a calque of Latin succurrō. By surface analysis, fo- +‎ reithid.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ɸoɾˈeθʲ/

    Verb

    fo·reith

    1. to help, to aid, to succour
      Synonyms: for·tét, con·gní, cobraithir
      • c. 700–800, Táin Bó Cúailnge; published in Táin Bó Cúailnge. Recension I (1976, Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Cecile O'Rahilly , TBC-I 223:
        Luid Fergus didiu fordul mór fadess co fórsed do Ultaib terchomrac slóig.
        Fergus went out of his way to the south in order to aid [by buying time] the Ulstermen gathering their army.
      • c. 808, Félire Oengusso, Ep. 405; republished as Whitley Stokes, transl., Félire Óengusso Céli Dé: The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee, Harrison & Sons, 1905:
        Ar écnairc ind ríg-sa fris·n-agar a nnúall-sa, fa·rith asint sním-sa, in pauperán trúag-sa!
        For the sake of the king to whom this cry was made, help him out of this sadness, this wretched pauper!

    Inflection

    Complex, class B I present, á preterite, s future, s subjunctive
    active passive
    singular plural singular plural
    1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
    present indicative deut. fo·riuth fo·reith fo·rethat
    prot.
    imperfect indicative deut.
    prot.
    preterite deut. fu·rráith
    prot. ·faráith
    perfect deut. fo·roraid, fu·rroraith
    prot.
    future deut. fum·ré (with infixed pronoun m-)
    prot. ·farrésat
    conditional deut.
    prot.
    present subjunctive deut.
    prot. ·foír
    past subjunctive deut.
    prot. ·fórsed
    imperative fa·rith (with infixed pronoun a-)
    verbal noun
    past participle
    verbal of necessity

    Mutation

    Mutation of fo·reith
    radical lenition nasalization
    fo·reith
    also fo·rreith
    fo·reith
    pronounced with /ɾʲ-/
    fo·reith
    also fo·rreith

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    Further reading