Salar
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *tum-. Cognate to dialectal Turkish dummak.
Pronunciation
- (Xunhua, Qinghai, Ili, Xinjiang) IPA(key): /tum(ʁusɨ)/
- (Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA(key): /tumu(ʁusɨ)/, /tumɨ(ʁusɨ)/, /tomɨ(ʁusɨ)/
Verb
dumqusı (present dumar, past dumcı)
- to settle, precipitate (water)
- to cloud up
Asman dumsa yağmur yağar.- If sky clouds up, it rains.
Derived terms
Conjugation
Conjugation of dumqusı
basic conjugation
| basic conjugation
|
|
|
positive
|
negative
|
| experiential
|
inferential
|
experiential
|
inferential
|
| aorist
|
dumar
|
dumar-a
|
dummas
|
dummas-a
|
| continuous
|
dumbır
|
dumba(r)
|
dum yoxdır,
dummır
|
dum yox-a
|
| past
|
dumcı
|
dummış
|
dummacı
|
dummamış
|
| future
|
dumqur
|
dumqa(r)
|
dummağur
|
dummağa(r)
|
| past perfect
|
dumqan var
|
dumqan var-a
|
dumqan yoxdır
|
dumqan yox-a
|
| necessitative
|
dumqı
|
dummağı
|
| conditional
|
dumsa
|
dummasa
|
| imperative
|
1st person plural
|
dumal
|
dummağal
|
| 2nd & 3rd person
|
dum
|
dumma
|
| 2nd person
|
dumdoğo
|
dumquma
|
| 3rd person
|
dumqoğı
|
dummağı
|
| infinitive
|
dumqusı
|
dummağusı
|
| manner noun
|
dumuş
|
dummaş
|
| impersonal participle
|
imperfective
|
dumqan
|
dummağan
|
| perfective
|
dummış
|
dummamış
|
| prospective
|
dumqusı
|
dummağusı
|
| agent noun
|
dumqucı
|
dummağucı
|
|
|
converbs
|
| purposive converb
|
dumma
|
| posterior converb
|
dumqu, dumcanı
|
| anterior converb
|
dumqunçük
|
| iterative converb
|
duma-duma
|
| immediate posterior converb
|
dumquşlı
|
| causal converb
|
dumcanı
|
| prospective converb
|
dumqudana
|
| sequential converb
|
dumı
|
question conjugation
| question conjugation
|
|
|
positive
|
negative
|
|
|
experimental1
|
inferential2
|
experimental
|
inferential
|
| aorist
|
dumar-(m)i
|
dumar-(m)o
|
dummas-(m)i
|
dummas-(m)o
|
| continuous
|
dumbır-(m)i
|
dumba(r)-(m)o
|
dum yoxdır-(m)i
|
dum yox-aro
|
| past
|
dum-du,
dumcı-mu
|
dummış-(m)o
|
dumma-du,
dummacı-mu
|
dummamış-(m)o
|
| future
|
dumqur-(m)i
|
dumqa(r)-(m)o
|
dummağur-(m)i
|
dummağa(r)-(m)o
|
| past perfect
|
dumqan var-(m)i
|
dumqan var-(m)o
|
dumqan yoxdır-(m)i
|
dumqan yox-aro
|
| necessitative
|
dumqı-mu
|
dummağı-mu
|
| conditional
|
dumsa-mu
|
dummasa-mu
|
| imperative
|
1st person plural
|
dumal-mu
|
dummağal-mu
|
| 2nd & 3rd person
|
dum-mu
|
dumma-mu
|
| 2nd person
|
dumdoğo-mu
|
dumquma-mu
|
| 3rd person
|
dumqoğı-mu
|
dummağı-mu
|
| infinitive
|
dumqusı-mu
|
dummağusı-mu
|
| manner noun
|
dumuş-mu
|
dummaş-mu
|
| impersonal participle
|
imperfective
|
dumqan-mu
|
dummağan-mu
|
| perfective
|
dummış-mu
|
dummamış-mu
|
| prospective
|
dumqusı-mu
|
dummağusı-mu
|
| agent noun
|
dumqucı-mu
|
dummağucı-mu
|
potential conjugation
| potential conjugation
|
|
|
positive
|
negative
|
| experiential
|
inferential
|
experiential
|
inferential
|
| aorist
|
dumalar
|
dumalar-a
|
dumalmas
|
dumalmas-a
|
| continuous
|
dumalbır
|
dumalba(r)
|
dumal yoxdır,
dumalmır
|
dumal yox-a
|
| past
|
dumalcı
|
dumalmış
|
dumalmacı
|
dumalmamış
|
| future
|
dumalğur
|
dumalğa(r)
|
dumalmağur
|
dumalmağa(r)
|
| past perfect
|
dumalğan var
|
dumalğan var-a
|
dumalğan yoxdır
|
dumalğan yox-a
|
inceptive–punctual aspectual construction
| inceptive–punctual aspectual construction
|
|
|
positive
|
negative
|
| experiential
|
inferential
|
experiential
|
inferential
|
| aorist
|
{{{71}}}
|
{{{72}}}
|
{{{101}}}
|
{{{102}}}
|
| continuous
|
{{{73}}}
|
{{{74}}}
|
{{{103}}},
{{{1031}}}
|
{{{104}}}
|
| past
|
{{{75}}}
|
{{{76}}}
|
{{{105}}}
|
{{{106}}}
|
| future
|
{{{77}}}
|
{{{78}}}
|
{{{107}}}
|
{{{108}}}
|
| past perfect
|
{{{79}}}
|
{{{80}}}
|
{{{109}}}
|
{{{110}}}
|
|
1 The speaker knows the answer to the question, or believes that herself/himself does.
2 The speaker genuinely does not know the answer to the question.
References
- Tenishev, Edhem (1976), “tum, tumu, tumy, tomy”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, pages 513, 522-523
- 林莲云 [Lin Lianyun] (1985), “ɑsmɑn dumsɑ jɑʁmur jɑʁɑr”, in 撒拉语简志 [A Brief History of Salar][1], Beijing: 民族出版社: 琴書店, →OCLC, page 66
- 林 (Lin), 莲云 (Lianyun) (1992), “dumqusı”, in 撒拉汉汉撒拉词汇 [Salar-Chinese, Chinese-Salar Vocabulary], 成都: 四川民族出版社, →ISBN, page 47
- Yakup, Abdurishid (2002), “dum”, in An Ili Salar Vocabulary: Introduction and a Provisional Salar-English Lexicon[2], Tokyo: University of Tokyo, →ISBN, page 82
- Ma, Chengjun; Han, Lianye; Ma, Weisheng (December 2010), “dum-”, in 米娜瓦尔 艾比布拉 (Minavar Abibra), editor, 撒维汉词典 (Sāwéihàncídiǎn) [Salar-Uyghur-Chinese dictionary] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Beijing, →ISBN, page 93
- 马伟 (Ma Wei) (2016), “asman dumqïn gün”, in 濒危语言——撒拉语研究 [Endangered Languages - Salar Language Studies], 青海 (Qinghai): 青海师范大学 (Qinghai Normal University), Unpublished finalized project manuscript (国家社会科学基金项目结项稿, 定稿; National Social Science Fund of China), page 260