druid

See also: Druid

English

Etymology

Borrowed from French druide, from Old French, via Latin Druidae, from Gaulish *druwits, from Proto-Celtic *druwits (literally either “oak-knower” or “firm knower, great sage”), from either Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”) or *drew- (“solid, firm, hard”) and *weyd- (“to see, to have knowledge”) (whence also English wizard; Proto-Slavic *vědьma (> Russian ве́дьма (védʹma))).

The earliest record of the term in Latin is by Julius Caesar in the first century B.C. in his De Bello Gallico. The native Celtic word for "druid" is first attested in Latin texts as druides (plural) and other texts also employ the form druidae (akin to the Greek form). Cognate with the later insular Celtic words, Old Irish druí (“druid, sorcerer”) and early Welsh dryw (“seer”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈdɹuː.ɪd/
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Rhymes: -uːɪd

Noun

druid (plural druids)

  1. (historical) One of an order of priests among certain groups of Celts before the adoption of Abrahamic religions.
  2. (fantasy, roleplaying games) A priest or mage who uses magic based on nature or trees.

Usage notes

  • Often capitalized: Druid.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • → Chinese: 德魯伊 / 德鲁伊 (délǔyī)
  • → Japanese: ドルイド
  • → Korean: 드루이드 (deuru'ideu)
  • → Māori: ruiti
  • → Russian: друи́д (druíd)

Translations

Irish

FWOTD – 24 July 2019

Etymology 1

    From Old Irish truit f (“starling”),[1] from Proto-Celtic *trozdī, from Proto-Indo-European *trosdos (“thrush”); compare Latin turdus, German Drossel, and English thrush.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /d̪ˠɾˠidʲ/
    • (Aran) IPA(key): /d̪ˠɾˠedʲ/[2]

    Noun

    druid f (genitive singular druide, nominative plural druideanna or druideacha)

    1. starling, Sturnidae spp.
    Declension
    Declension of druid (second declension)
    bare forms
    singular plural
    nominative druid druideanna
    vocative a dhruid a dhruideanna
    genitive druide druideanna
    dative druid druideanna
    forms with the definite article
    singular plural
    nominative an druid na druideanna
    genitive na druide na ndruideanna
    dative leis an druid
    don druid     		leis na druideanna
    Alternative forms
    • druideog, truid, truideog
    Derived terms
    • druid rósach (“rosy starling”)

    Further reading

    • Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927), “druid”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 371; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN
    • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “druid”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

    Etymology 2

      From Middle Irish druitid (“to close, press (against)”),[3] denominative from Middle Irish drut (“closing, pressing, approaching, leaving”). Possibly related to Welsh drws (“door”).[4]

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /d̪ˠɾˠidʲ/
      • (Aran) IPA(key): /ˈd̪ˠɞɾˠədʲ/[2]

      Verb

      druid (present analytic druideann, future analytic druidfidh, verbal noun druidim, past participle druidte) (ambitransitive)

      1. (Ulster) close, shut
        Synonym: dún
      2. To move relative to something. [with le ‘close to, near’; or with ar ‘upon’; or with ó ‘away from’]
      Conjugation
      Conjugation of druid (first conjugation – A)
      indicative singular plural direct relative autonomous
      first second third first second third
      present druidim druideann tú;
      druidir†       		druideann sé, sí druidimid; druideann muid druideann sibh druideann siad;
      druidid†       		a dhruideann; a dhruideas druidtear
      past dhruid mé; dhruideas dhruid tú; dhruidis dhruid sé, sí dhruideamar; dhruid muid dhruid sibh; dhruideabhair dhruid siad; dhruideadar a dhruid druideadh
      past habitual dhruidinn /
      druidinn‡       		dhruidteá /
      druidteᇠ      		dhruideadh sé, sí /
      druideadh sé, sí‡       		dhruidimis; dhruideadh muid /
      druidimis‡; druideadh muid‡       		dhruideadh sibh /
      druideadh sibh‡       		dhruididís; dhruideadh siad /
      druididís‡; druideadh siad‡       		a dhruideadh dhruidtí /
      druidtí‡
      singular plural direct relative autonomous
      first second third first second third
      future druidfidh mé;
      druidfead       		druidfidh tú;
      druidfir†       		druidfidh sé, sí druidfimid;
      druidfidh muid       		druidfidh sibh druidfidh siad;
      druidfid†       		a dhruidfidh; a dhruidfeas druidfear
      conditional dhruidfinn /
      druidfinn‡       		dhruidfeá /
      druidfeᇠ      		dhruidfeadh sé, sí /
      druidfeadh sé, sí‡       		dhruidfimis; dhruidfeadh muid /
      druidfimis‡; druidfeadh muid‡       		dhruidfeadh sibh /
      druidfeadh sibh‡       		dhruidfidís; dhruidfeadh siad /
      druidfidís‡; druidfeadh siad‡       		a dhruidfeadh dhruidfí /
      druidfí‡
      subjunctive singular plural direct relative autonomous
      first second third first second third
      present go ndruide mé;
      go ndruidead†       		go ndruide tú;
      go ndruidir†       		go ndruide sé, sí go ndruidimid;
      go ndruide muid       		go ndruide sibh go ndruide siad;
      go ndruidid†       		— go ndruidtear
      past dá ndruidinn dá ndruidteá dá ndruideadh sé, sí dá ndruidimis;
      dá ndruideadh muid       		dá ndruideadh sibh dá ndruididís;
      dá ndruideadh siad       		— dá ndruidtí
      imperative singular plural direct relative autonomous
      first second third first second third
      — druidim druid druideadh sé, sí druidimis druidigí;
      druididh†       		druididís — druidtear
      past participle druidte
      verbal noun druidim

      † archaic or dialect form
      ‡ dependent form

      Alternative forms

      Further reading

      Etymology 3

      See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /d̪ˠɾˠidʲ/

      Noun

      druid m

      1. genitive singular of drud

      Mutation

      Mutated forms of druid
      radical lenition eclipsis
      druid dhruid ndruid

      Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
      All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

      References

      1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “truit”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
      2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 70
      3. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “druitid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
      4. ^ Vendryes, Joseph (1996), “druitid”, in Lexique étymologique de l’irlandais ancien [Etymological lexicon of Old Irish] (in French), volume D, Dublin, Paris: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, page D-205

      Old Irish

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /ˈd̪ɾu.əðʲ/
        • (Blasse) [ˈd̪ɾu.ɪðʲ]
        • (Griffith) [ˈd̪ɾu.ɨðʲ]

      Noun

      druïd

      1. inflection of druí:
        1. accusative/dative singular
        2. nominative/vocative/accusative dual
        3. nominative plural

      Mutation

      Mutation of druid
      radical lenition nasalization
      druid druid
      pronounced with /ð-/      		 ndruid

      Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
      All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

      Polish

      Etymology

      From Gaulish *druwits, from Proto-Celtic *druwits (literally “oak-knower”), from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”) and *weyd- (“to see”).

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /ˈdru.it/
      • Audio:(file)
      • Rhymes: -uit
      • Syllabification: dru‧id

      Noun

      druid m pers (female equivalent druidka)

      1. druid

      Declension

      Declension of druid
      singular plural
      nominative druid druidzi/druidy (deprecative)
      genitive druida druidów
      dative druidowi druidom
      accusative druida druidów
      instrumental druidem druidami
      locative druidzie druidach
      vocative druidzie druidzi

      Further reading

      • druid in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
      • druid in Polish dictionaries at PWN

      Romanian

      Etymology

      Borrowed from French druide, from Latin Druidae.

      Noun

      druid m (plural druizi)

      1. druid

      Declension

      singular plural
      indefinite definite indefinite definite
      nominative-accusative druid druidul druizi druizii
      genitive-dative druid druidului druizi druizilor
      vocative druidule druizilor

      Scottish Gaelic

      Etymology 1

        From Old Irish truit f (“starling”), from Proto-Celtic *trozdī, from Proto-Indo-European *trosdos (“thrush”).

        Noun

        druid f (genitive singular druide, plural druidean)

        1. starling

        Etymology 2

          From Old Irish druitid (“shuts, closes; moves close (to), presses (against); approaches; moves away from, abandons”), possibly related to Welsh drws (“door”).

          Verb

          druid (past dhruid, future druididh, verbal noun druideadh, past participle druidte)

          1. shut closely
          2. (Barra) shut, close (in general)
            Synonym: dùin
          3. cover
          4. enclose, surround
          5. advance, come up
          6. join
          7. hasten
          8. step toward
          9. approach, draw near
          Alternative forms
          • truid

          Mutation

          Mutation of druid
          radical lenition
          druid dhruid

          Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
          All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

          References

          Swedish

          Noun

          druid c

          1. a druid

          Declension

          Declension of druid
          nominative genitive
          singular indefinite druid druids
          definite druiden druidens
          plural indefinite druider druiders
          definite druiderna druidernas

          References

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