cwa

See also: Cwa, CWA, and cwà

Translingual

Symbol

cwa

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Kabwa.

See also

  • Wiktionary’s coverage of Kabwa terms

Athpare

Noun

cwa

  1. water

References

  • Karen H. Ebert, A grammar of Athpare (1997)

Tooro

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-túa.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /t͡ʃwa/

Verb

-cwa (infinitive okucwa) (transitive)

  1. to break
  2. to spit
  3. to speak:
    1. to tell a proverb [with orufumo ‘proverb’]
    2. to give judgement [with omusango ‘fault, guilt’]

Conjugation

Conjugation of -cwa
infinitives
affirmative okucwa
negative okutacwa
imperatives
affirmative cwa
negative (see second-person negative subjunctive forms)
tense polarity basic forms relative forms1
present habitual affirmative
subject concord + -cwa
person noun class singular plural
first person ncwa tucwa
second person ocwa mucwa
third person 1/2 acwa bacwa
3/4 gucwa ecwa
5/6 licwa gacwa
7/8 kicwa bicwa
9/10 ecwa zicwa
11/10 rucwa
12/14 kacwa bucwa
13 — tucwa
14/6 bucwa gacwa
15/6 kucwa
16 hacwa —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -cwa
person noun class singular plural
first person tincwa titucwa
second person tocwa timucwa
third person 1/2 tacwa tibacwa
3/4 tigucwa tecwa
5/6 tiricwa tigacwa
7/8 tikicwa tibicwa
9/10 tecwa tizicwa
11/10 tirucwa
12/14 tikacwa tibucwa
13 — titucwa
14/6 tibucwa tigacwa
15/6 tikucwa
16 tihacwa —
subject concord + -tacwa
present continuous affirmative
ni- + subject concord + -cwa
person noun class singular plural
first person nincwa nitucwa
second person noocwa nimucwa
third person 1/2 naacwa nibacwa
3/4 nigucwa neecwa
5/6 niricwa nigacwa
7/8 nikicwa nibicwa
9/10 neecwa nizicwa
11/10 nirucwa
12/14 nikacwa nibucwa
13 — nitucwa
14/6 nibucwa nigacwa
15/6 nikucwa
16 nihacwa —
subject concord + -rukucwa
negative
ti- + subject concord + -rukucwa
person noun class singular plural
first person tindukucwa titurukucwa
second person torukucwa timurukucwa
third person 1/2 tarukucwa tibarukucwa
3/4 tigurukucwa terukucwa
5/6 tirirukucwa tigarukucwa
7/8 tikirukucwa tibirukucwa
9/10 terukucwa tizirukucwa
11/10 tirurukucwa
12/14 tikarukucwa tiburukucwa
13 — titurukucwa
14/6 tiburukucwa tigarukucwa
15/6 tikurukucwa
16 tiharukucwa —
subject concord + -tarukucwa
present continuative affirmative
ni- + subject concord + -kyacwa
person noun class singular plural
first person ninkyacwa nitukyacwa
second person nookyacwa nimukyacwa
third person 1/2 naakyacwa nibakyacwa
3/4 nigukyacwa neekyacwa
5/6 nirikyacwa nigakyacwa
7/8 nikikyacwa nibikyacwa
9/10 neekyacwa nizikyacwa
11/10 nirukyacwa
12/14 nikakyacwa nibukyacwa
13 — nitukyacwa
14/6 nibukyacwa nigakyacwa
15/6 nikukyacwa
16 nihakyacwa —
subject concord + -rukukyacwa
negative
ti- + subject concord + -kyacwa
person noun class singular plural
first person tinkyacwa titukyacwa
second person tokyacwa timukyacwa
third person 1/2 takyacwa tibakyacwa
3/4 tigukyacwa tekyacwa
5/6 tirikyacwa tigakyacwa
7/8 tikikyacwa tibikyacwa
9/10 tekyacwa tizikyacwa
11/10 tirukyacwa
12/14 tikakyacwa tibukyacwa
13 — titukyacwa
14/6 tibukyacwa tigakyacwa
15/6 tikukyacwa
16 tihakyacwa —
subject concord + -takyacwa
virtual present affirmative
subject concord + -acwa
person noun class singular plural
first person nacwa twacwa
second person wacwa mwacwa
third person 1/2 yacwa baacwa
3/4 gwacwa yacwa
5/6 lyacwa gaacwa
7/8 kyacwa byacwa
9/10 yacwa zaacwa
11/10 rwacwa
12/14 kaacwa bwacwa
13 — twacwa
14/6 bwacwa gaacwa
15/6 kwacwa
16 haacwa —
negative
ti- + subject concord + acwa
person noun class singular plural
first person tinacwa titwacwa
second person tiwacwa timwacwa
third person 1/2 tiyacwa tibaacwa
3/4 tigwacwa tiyacwa
5/6 tiryacwa tigaacwa
7/8 tikyacwa tibyacwa
9/10 tiyacwa tizaacwa
11/10 tirwacwa
12/14 tikaacwa tibwacwa
13 — titwacwa
14/6 tibwacwa tigaacwa
15/6 tikwacwa
16 tihaacwa —
subject concord + -taacwa
present perfect affirmative
subject concord + -cwire
person noun class singular plural
first person ncwire tucwire
second person ocwire mucwire
third person 1/2 acwire bacwire
3/4 gucwire ecwire
5/6 licwire gacwire
7/8 kicwire bicwire
9/10 ecwire zicwire
11/10 rucwire
12/14 kacwire bucwire
13 — tucwire
14/6 bucwire gacwire
15/6 kucwire
16 hacwire —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -cwire
person noun class singular plural
first person tincwire titucwire
second person tocwire timucwire
third person 1/2 tacwire tibacwire
3/4 tigucwire tecwire
5/6 tiricwire tigacwire
7/8 tikicwire tibicwire
9/10 tecwire tizicwire
11/10 tirucwire
12/14 tikacwire tibucwire
13 — titucwire
14/6 tibucwire tigacwire
15/6 tikucwire
16 tihacwire —
subject concord + -tacwire
near perfective affirmative
subject concord + -akacwa
person noun class singular plural
first person nakacwa twakacwa
second person wakacwa mwakacwa
third person 1/2 yakacwa baakacwa
3/4 gwakacwa yakacwa
5/6 lyakacwa gaakacwa
7/8 kyakacwa byakacwa
9/10 yakacwa zaakacwa
11/10 rwakacwa
12/14 kaakacwa bwakacwa
13 — twakacwa
14/6 bwakacwa gaakacwa
15/6 kwakacwa
16 haakacwa —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -kacwire
person noun class singular plural
first person tinkacwire titukacwire
second person tokacwire timukacwire
third person 1/2 takacwire tibakacwire
3/4 tigukacwire tekacwire
5/6 tirikacwire tigakacwire
7/8 tikikacwire tibikacwire
9/10 tekacwire tizikacwire
11/10 tirukacwire
12/14 tikakacwire tibukacwire
13 — titukacwire
14/6 tibukacwire tigakacwire
15/6 tikukacwire
16 tihakacwire —
subject concord + -takacwire
near past affirmative
subject concord + -cwirege
person noun class singular plural
first person ncwirege tucwirege
second person ocwirege mucwirege
third person 1/2 acwirege bacwirege
3/4 gucwirege ecwirege
5/6 licwirege gacwirege
7/8 kicwirege bicwirege
9/10 ecwirege zicwirege
11/10 rucwirege
12/14 kacwirege bucwirege
13 — tucwirege
14/6 bucwirege gacwirege
15/6 kucwirege
16 hacwirege —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -cwirege
person noun class singular plural
first person tincwirege titucwirege
second person tocwirege timucwirege
third person 1/2 tacwirege tibacwirege
3/4 tigucwirege tecwirege
5/6 tiricwirege tigacwirege
7/8 tikicwirege tibicwirege
9/10 tecwirege tizicwirege
11/10 tirucwirege
12/14 tikacwirege tibucwirege
13 — titucwirege
14/6 tibucwirege tigacwirege
15/6 tikucwirege
16 tihacwirege —
subject concord + -tacwirege
remote past affirmative
subject concord + -kacwa
person noun class singular plural
first person nkacwa tukacwa
second person okacwa mukacwa
third person 1/2 akacwa bakacwa
3/4 gukacwa ekacwa
5/6 likacwa gakacwa
7/8 kikacwa bikacwa
9/10 ekacwa zikacwa
11/10 rukacwa
12/14 kakacwa bukacwa
13 — tukacwa
14/6 bukacwa gakacwa
15/6 kukacwa
16 hakacwa —
subject concord + -acwire
negative
subject concord + -tacwe
person noun class singular plural
first person ntacwe tutacwe
second person otacwe mutacwe
third person 1/2 atacwe batacwe
3/4 gutacwe etacwe
5/6 litacwe gatacwe
7/8 kitacwe bitacwe
9/10 etacwe ziitacwe
11/10 rutacwe
12/14 katacwe butacwe
13 — tutacwe
14/6 butacwe gatacwe
15/6 kutacwe
16 hatacwe —
subject concord + -taracwire
experiential perfective affirmative
subject concord + -racwire
person noun class singular plural
first person ndacwire turacwire
second person oracwire muracwire
third person 1/2 aracwire baracwire
3/4 guracwire eracwire
5/6 liracwire garacwire
7/8 kiracwire biracwire
9/10 eracwire ziracwire
11/10 ruracwire
12/14 karacwire buracwire
13 — turacwire
14/6 buracwire garacwire
15/6 kuracwire
16 haracwire —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -kacwaga
person noun class singular plural
first person tinkacwaga titukacwaga
second person tokacwaga timukacwaga
third person 1/2 takacwaga tibakacwaga
3/4 tigukacwaga tekacwaga
5/6 tirikacwaga tigakacwaga
7/8 tikikacwaga tibikacwaga
9/10 tekacwaga tizikacwaga
11/10 tirukacwaga
12/14 tikakacwaga tibukacwaga
13 — titukacwaga
14/6 tibukacwaga tigakacwaga
15/6 tikukacwaga
16 tihakacwaga —
subject concord + -takacwaga
cessative perfective affirmative
subject concord + -aacwire
person noun class singular plural
first person naacwire twacwire
second person waacwire mwacwire
third person 1/2 yaacwire baacwire
3/4 gwacwire yaacwire
5/6 lyacwire gaacwire
7/8 kyacwire byacwire
9/10 yaacwire zaacwire
11/10 rwacwire
12/14 kaacwire bwacwire
13 — twacwire
14/6 bwacwire gaacwire
15/6 kwacwire
16 haacwire —
past habitual affirmative
subject concord + -acwaga
person noun class singular plural
first person nacwaga twacwaga
second person wacwaga mwacwaga
third person 1/2 yacwaga baacwaga
3/4 gwacwaga yacwaga
5/6 lyacwaga gaacwaga
7/8 kyacwaga byacwaga
9/10 yacwaga zaacwaga
11/10 rwacwaga
12/14 kaacwaga bwacwaga
13 — twacwaga
14/6 bwacwaga gaacwaga
15/6 kwacwaga
16 haacwaga —
negative
ti- + subject concord + acwaga
person noun class singular plural
first person tinacwaga titwacwaga
second person tiwacwaga timwacwaga
third person 1/2 tiyacwaga tibaacwaga
3/4 tigwacwaga tiyacwaga
5/6 tiryacwaga tigaacwaga
7/8 tikyacwaga tibyacwaga
9/10 tiyacwaga tizaacwaga
11/10 tirwacwaga
12/14 tikaacwaga tibwacwaga
13 — titwacwaga
14/6 tibwacwaga tigaacwaga
15/6 tikwacwaga
16 tihaacwaga —
subject concord + -taacwaga
near future affirmative
subject concord + -raacwa
person noun class singular plural
first person ndaacwa turaacwa
second person oraacwa muraacwa
third person 1/2 araacwa baraacwa
3/4 guraacwa eraacwa
5/6 liraacwa garaacwa
7/8 kiraacwa biraacwa
9/10 eraacwa ziraacwa
11/10 ruraacwa
12/14 karaacwa buraacwa
13 — turaacwa
14/6 buraacwa garaacwa
15/6 kuraacwa
16 haraacwa —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -aacwe
person noun class singular plural
first person tinaacwe titwacwe
second person tiwaacwe timwacwe
third person 1/2 tiyaacwe tibaacwe
3/4 tigwacwe tiyaacwe
5/6 tiryacwe tigaacwe
7/8 tikyacwe tibyacwe
9/10 tiyaacwe tizaacwe
11/10 tirwacwe
12/14 tikaacwe tibwacwe
13 — titwacwe
14/6 tibwacwe tigaacwe
15/6 tikwacwe
16 tihaacwe —
subject concord + -taacwe
remote future affirmative
subject concord + -licwa
person noun class singular plural
first person ndicwa tulicwa
second person olicwa mulicwa
third person 1/2 alicwa balicwa
3/4 gulicwa ericwa
5/6 liricwa galicwa
7/8 kiricwa biricwa
9/10 ericwa ziricwa
11/10 rulicwa
12/14 kalicwa bulicwa
13 — tulicwa
14/6 bulicwa galicwa
15/6 kulicwa
16 halicwa —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -licwa
person noun class singular plural
first person tindicwa titulicwa
second person tolicwa timulicwa
third person 1/2 talicwa tibalicwa
3/4 tigulicwa tericwa
5/6 tiriricwa tigalicwa
7/8 tikiricwa tibiricwa
9/10 tericwa tiziricwa
11/10 tirulicwa
12/14 tikalicwa tibulicwa
13 — titulicwa
14/6 tibulicwa tigalicwa
15/6 tikulicwa
16 tihalicwa —
subject concord + -talicwa
future habitual affirmative
subject concord + -raacwaga
person noun class singular plural
first person ndaacwaga turaacwaga
second person oraacwaga muraacwaga
third person 1/2 araacwaga baraacwaga
3/4 guraacwaga eraacwaga
5/6 liraacwaga garaacwaga
7/8 kiraacwaga biraacwaga
9/10 eraacwaga ziraacwaga
11/10 ruraacwaga
12/14 karaacwaga buraacwaga
13 — turaacwaga
14/6 buraacwaga garaacwaga
15/6 kuraacwaga
16 haraacwaga —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -aacwege
person noun class singular plural
first person tinaacwege titwacwege
second person tiwaacwege timwacwege
third person 1/2 tiyaacwege tibaacwege
3/4 tigwacwege tiyaacwege
5/6 tiryacwege tigaacwege
7/8 tikyacwege tibyacwege
9/10 tiyaacwege tizaacwege
11/10 tirwacwege
12/14 tikaacwege tibwacwege
13 — titwacwege
14/6 tibwacwege tigaacwege
15/6 tikwacwege
16 tihaacwege —
subject concord + -taacwege
subjunctive affirmative
subject concord + cwe
person noun class singular plural
first person ncwe tucwe
second person ocwe mucwe
third person 1/2 acwe bacwe
3/4 gucwe ecwe
5/6 licwe gacwe
7/8 kicwe bicwe
9/10 ecwe zicwe
11/10 rucwe
12/14 kacwe bucwe
13 — tucwe
14/6 bucwe gacwe
15/6 kucwe
16 hacwe —
negative
subject concord + -tacwa
person noun class singular plural
first person ntacwa tutacwa
second person otacwa mutacwa
third person 1/2 atacwa batacwa
3/4 gutacwa etacwa
5/6 litacwa gatacwa
7/8 kitacwa bitacwa
9/10 etacwa zitacwa
11/10 rutacwa
12/14 katacwa butacwa
13 — tutacwa
14/6 butacwa gatacwa
15/6 kutacwa
16 hatacwa —
—
subjunctive habitual affirmative
subject concord + cwege
person noun class singular plural
first person ncwege tucwege
second person ocwege mucwege
third person 1/2 acwege bacwege
3/4 gucwege ecwege
5/6 licwege gacwege
7/8 kicwege bicwege
9/10 ecwege zicwege
11/10 rucwege
12/14 kacwege bucwege
13 — tucwege
14/6 bucwege gacwege
15/6 kucwege
16 hacwege —
hypothetical affirmative
subject concord + -aakucwa
person noun class singular plural
first person naakucwa twakucwa
second person waakucwa mwakucwa
third person 1/2 yaakucwa baakucwa
3/4 gwakucwa yaakucwa
5/6 lyakucwa gaakucwa
7/8 kyakucwa byakucwa
9/10 yaakucwa zaakucwa
11/10 rwakucwa
12/14 kaakucwa bwakucwa
13 — twakucwa
14/6 bwakucwa gaakucwa
15/6 kwakucwa
16 haakucwa —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -aakucwa
person noun class singular plural
first person tinaakucwa titwakucwa
second person tiwaakucwa timwakucwa
third person 1/2 tiyaakucwa tibaakucwa
3/4 tigwakucwa tiyaakucwa
5/6 tiryakucwa tigaakucwa
7/8 tikyakucwa tibyakucwa
9/10 tiyaakucwa tizaakucwa
11/10 tirwakucwa
12/14 tikaakucwa tibwakucwa
13 — titwakucwa
14/6 tibwakucwa tigaakucwa
15/6 tikwakucwa
16 tihaakucwa —
subject concord + -taakucwa
conditional affirmative
subject concord + -aakucwire
person noun class singular plural
first person naakucwire twakucwire
second person waakucwire mwakucwire
third person 1/2 yaakucwire baakucwire
3/4 gwakucwire yaakucwire
5/6 lyakucwire gaakucwire
7/8 kyakucwire byakucwire
9/10 yaakucwire zaakucwire
11/10 rwakucwire
12/14 kaakucwire bwakucwire
13 — twakucwire
14/6 bwakucwire gaakucwire
15/6 kwakucwire
16 haakucwire —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -aakucwire
person noun class singular plural
first person tinaakucwire titwakucwire
second person tiwaakucwire timwakucwire
third person 1/2 tiyaakucwire tibaakucwire
3/4 tigwakucwire tiyaakucwire
5/6 tiryakucwire tigaakucwire
7/8 tikyakucwire tibyakucwire
9/10 tiyaakucwire tizaakucwire
11/10 tirwakucwire
12/14 tikaakucwire tibwakucwire
13 — titwakucwire
14/6 tibwakucwire tigaakucwire
15/6 tikwakucwire
16 tihaakucwire —
subject concord + -taakucwire
object concords
person noun class singular plural
first person -ncwa -tucwa
second person -kucwa -bacwa
third person 1/2 -mucwa
3/4 -gucwa -gicwa
5/6 -licwa -gacwa
7/8 -kicwa -bicwa
9/10 -gicwa -zicwa
11/10 -rucwa
12/14 -kacwa -bucwa
13 — -tucwa
14/6 -bucwa -gacwa
15/6 -kucwa
16 -hacwa —

1 The forms in this column are reduced relative forms; full relative forms require an augment before the subject concord.


Derived terms

  • Verbal derivations:
    • Applicative: -cwera
    • Long causative: -cwisa
    • Passive: -cwibwa
    • Reduplicative: -cwacwana
    • Stative: -cweka
    • -mu clitic: -cwamu (“to decide, judge”)

References

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.