carduus

See also: Carduus

Latin

Alternative forms

cardus, cardō, carda

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kers- (“to scratch, scrape, rub, card”), cognate with Middle Low German harsch (“hairy”), Russian короста (korosta, “scab”), Old Church Slavonic краста (krasta), Lithuanian karsiu (“to comb”). This root may itself be a metathesis of *kes-r-, *kser- (cf. *ksen-), from *kes-.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈkar.du.ʊs]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈkar.du.us]

Noun

carduus m (genitive carduī); second declension

a wild thistle
the artichoke

Declension

Second-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	carduus	carduī
genitive	carduī	carduōrum
dative	carduō	carduīs
accusative	carduum	carduōs
ablative	carduō	carduīs
vocative	cardue	carduī

Derived terms

cardinus
- Old Galician-Portuguese: cardeo
- Spanish: cárdeno
carduēlis
carduētum

Descendants

Italian: cardo
Old French: (from Medieval Latin cardō)
- French: chardon
Old Occitan: cardon (from Medieval Latin cardō)
- → Italian: cardone
- → Middle French: cardon
  - French: cardon
  - → English: cardoon
- → Sicilian: carduni
Old Occitan: carda f (possibly, or from *caritō, from carō (“to comb”))
- Catalan: card
- → Old French: carde
  - French: carde
    - → English: chard
    - → Romanian: carda
  - → English: card (“comb”)
  - → Dutch: kaarden
Old Leonese:
- Asturian: cardu
- ⇒ Asturian: garduñar
Old Galician-Portuguese:
- Galician: cardo
- Portuguese: cardo
Old Spanish:
- Spanish: cardo
Piedmontese: card
Sicilian: cardu
→ Proto-West Germanic: *kardā f (see there for further descendants)

References

“carduus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers