caol

Irish

Etymology

From Middle Irish cáel, from Old Irish coíl,[1] from Proto-Celtic *koilos (“thin”) (compare Cornish and Welsh cul).

Pronunciation

Adjective

caol (genitive singular masculine caoil, genitive singular feminine caoile, plural caola, comparative caoile)

  1. thin, slender, slight (of slender build)
  2. narrow
  3. (sound) thin, shrill
  4. (linguistics) slender (palatalized)
    Caol le caol agus leathan le leathan. (rule in Irish spelling)
    Slender (consonant) goes with slender (vowel) and broad (consonant) with broad (vowel).
  5. dilute (weak, diluted)
  6. (nominalized, masculine) slender part (of body, limb)

Declension

Declension of caol
Positive singular plural
masculine feminine strong noun weak noun
nominative caol chaol caola;
chaola2
vocative chaoil caola
genitive caoile caola caol
dative caol;
chaol1 		chaol;
chaoil (archaic) 		caola;
chaola2
Comparative níos caoile
Superlative is caoile

1 When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
2 When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Synonyms

Antonyms

Derived terms

Noun

caol m (genitive singular caoil, nominative plural caolta)

  1. narrows, channel

Declension

Declension of caol (first declension)
bare forms
singular plural
nominative caol caolta
vocative a chaoil a chaola
genitive caoil caol
dative caol caolta
forms with the definite article
singular plural
nominative an caol na caolta
genitive an chaoil na gcaol
dative leis an gcaol
don chaol 		leis na caolta

Derived terms

  • caológ (“small channel”)
  • cuir caol ort féin (“sharpen yourself; make yourself scarce”, verb)

Verb

caol (present analytic caolann, future analytic caolfaidh, verbal noun caoladh, past participle caolta)

  1. alternative form of caolaigh (“become thin”)

Conjugation

Conjugation of caol (first conjugation – A)
indicative singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
present caolaim caolann tú;
caolair† 		caolann sé, sí caolaimid; caolann muid caolann sibh caolann siad;
caolaid† 		a chaolann; a chaolas caoltar
past chaol mé; chaolas chaol tú; chaolais chaol sé, sí chaolamar; chaol muid chaol sibh; chaolabhair chaol siad; chaoladar a chaol caoladh
past habitual chaolainn /
caolainn‡ 		chaoltá /
caoltᇠ		chaoladh sé, sí /
caoladh sé, sí‡ 		chaolaimis; chaoladh muid /
caolaimis‡; caoladh muid‡ 		chaoladh sibh /
caoladh sibh‡ 		chaolaidís; chaoladh siad /
caolaidís‡; caoladh siad‡ 		a chaoladh chaoltaí /
caoltaí‡
singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
future caolfaidh mé;
caolfad 		caolfaidh tú;
caolfair† 		caolfaidh sé, sí caolfaimid;
caolfaidh muid 		caolfaidh sibh caolfaidh siad;
caolfaid† 		a chaolfaidh; a chaolfas caolfar
conditional chaolfainn /
caolfainn‡ 		chaolfá /
caolfᇠ		chaolfadh sé, sí /
caolfadh sé, sí‡ 		chaolfaimis; chaolfadh muid /
caolfaimis‡; caolfadh muid‡ 		chaolfadh sibh /
caolfadh sibh‡ 		chaolfaidís; chaolfadh siad /
caolfaidís‡; caolfadh siad‡ 		a chaolfadh chaolfaí /
caolfaí‡
subjunctive singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
present go gcaola mé;
go gcaolad† 		go gcaola tú;
go gcaolair† 		go gcaola sé, sí go gcaolaimid;
go gcaola muid 		go gcaola sibh go gcaola siad;
go gcaolaid† 		— go gcaoltar
past dá gcaolainn dá gcaoltá dá gcaoladh sé, sí dá gcaolaimis;
dá gcaoladh muid 		dá gcaoladh sibh dá gcaolaidís;
dá gcaoladh siad 		— dá gcaoltaí
imperative singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
— caolaim caol caoladh sé, sí caolaimis caolaigí;
caolaidh† 		caolaidís — caoltar
past participle caolta
verbal noun caoladh

† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form

Mutation

Mutated forms of caol
radical lenition eclipsis
caol chaol gcaol

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cáel”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931), Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 138, page 71
  3. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 168
  4. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906), A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 62, page 27

Further reading

  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “caol”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
  • Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927), “caol”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 162; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN
  • de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959), “caol”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
  • “caol”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2026

Scottish Gaelic

FWOTD – 14 November 2015

Etymology

From Middle Irish cáel, from Old Irish coíl, from Proto-Celtic *koilos (“thin”) (compare Cornish and Welsh cul).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kʰɯːɫ̪/

Adjective

caol

  1. thin, narrow

Antonyms

Derived terms

Noun

caol m (genitive singular caoil, plural caoiltean)

  1. strait, narrows, firth, kyle
  2. the narrow part of anything

Derived terms

Descendants

  • → English: kyle

Mutation

Mutation of caol
radical lenition
caol chaol

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  • Edward Dwelly (1911), “caol”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
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