caoin

Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

    From Old Irish caín.[4]

    Adjective

    caoin (genitive singular masculine caoin, genitive singular feminine caoine, plural caoine, comparative caoine)

    1. smooth, delicate, polished
    2. kind, gentle, refined
    Declension
    Declension of caoin
    Positive singular plural
    masculine feminine strong noun weak noun
    nominative caoin chaoin caoine;
    chaoine2
    vocative chaoin caoine
    genitive caoine caoine caoin
    dative caoin;
    chaoin1     		chaoin caoine;
    chaoine2
    Comparative níos caoine
    Superlative is caoine

    1 When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
    2 When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

    Etymology 2

      From Middle Irish caín (“smooth finished side”), a substantivization of caín (“fine, beautiful”).[5]

      Noun

      caoin f (genitive singular caoine)

      1. smooth surface
      Declension
      Declension of caoin (second declension, no plural)
      bare forms
      singular
      nominative caoin
      vocative a chaoin
      genitive caoine
      dative caoin
      forms with the definite article
      singular
      nominative an chaoin
      genitive na caoine
      dative leis an gcaoin
      don chaoin

      Etymology 3

        From Middle Irish caínid, from Old Irish coínid,[6] from Brythonic (compare Welsh cwyn (“lament”)).

        Verb

        caoin (present analytic caoineann, future analytic caoinfidh, verbal noun caoineadh, past participle caointe)

        1. (ambitransitive) to keen, lament
        2. (ambitransitive) to cry, weep
        Conjugation
        Conjugation of caoin (first conjugation – A)
        indicative singular plural direct relative autonomous
        first second third first second third
        present caoinim caoineann tú;
        caoinir†         		caoineann sé, sí caoinimid; caoineann muid caoineann sibh caoineann siad;
        caoinid†         		a chaoineann; a chaoineas caointear
        past chaoin mé; chaoineas chaoin tú; chaoinis chaoin sé, sí chaoineamar; chaoin muid chaoin sibh; chaoineabhair chaoin siad; chaoineadar a chaoin caoineadh
        past habitual chaoininn /
        caoininn‡         		chaointeá /
        caointeᇠ        		chaoineadh sé, sí /
        caoineadh sé, sí‡         		chaoinimis; chaoineadh muid /
        caoinimis‡; caoineadh muid‡         		chaoineadh sibh /
        caoineadh sibh‡         		chaoinidís; chaoineadh siad /
        caoinidís‡; caoineadh siad‡         		a chaoineadh chaointí /
        caointí‡
        singular plural direct relative autonomous
        first second third first second third
        future caoinfidh mé;
        caoinfead         		caoinfidh tú;
        caoinfir†         		caoinfidh sé, sí caoinfimid;
        caoinfidh muid         		caoinfidh sibh caoinfidh siad;
        caoinfid†         		a chaoinfidh; a chaoinfeas caoinfear
        conditional chaoinfinn /
        caoinfinn‡         		chaoinfeá /
        caoinfeᇠ        		chaoinfeadh sé, sí /
        caoinfeadh sé, sí‡         		chaoinfimis; chaoinfeadh muid /
        caoinfimis‡; caoinfeadh muid‡         		chaoinfeadh sibh /
        caoinfeadh sibh‡         		chaoinfidís; chaoinfeadh siad /
        caoinfidís‡; caoinfeadh siad‡         		a chaoinfeadh chaoinfí /
        caoinfí‡
        subjunctive singular plural direct relative autonomous
        first second third first second third
        present go gcaoine mé;
        go gcaoinead†         		go gcaoine tú;
        go gcaoinir†         		go gcaoine sé, sí go gcaoinimid;
        go gcaoine muid         		go gcaoine sibh go gcaoine siad;
        go gcaoinid†         		— go gcaointear
        past dá gcaoininn dá gcaointeá dá gcaoineadh sé, sí dá gcaoinimis;
        dá gcaoineadh muid         		dá gcaoineadh sibh dá gcaoinidís;
        dá gcaoineadh siad         		— dá gcaointí
        imperative singular plural direct relative autonomous
        first second third first second third
        — caoinim caoin caoineadh sé, sí caoinimis caoinigí;
        caoinidh†         		caoinidís — caointear
        past participle caointe
        verbal noun caoineadh

        † archaic or dialect form
        ‡ dependent form

        Descendants
        • → English: keen

        Mutation

        Mutated forms of caoin
        radical lenition eclipsis
        caoin chaoin gcaoin

        Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
        All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

        References

        1. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931), Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 100, page 55
        2. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 168
        3. ^ Hamilton, John Noel (1974), A Phonetic Study of the Irish of Tory Island, Co. Donegal (Studies in Irish Language and Literature, Department of Celtic, Q.U.B.; vol. 3), Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen’s University Belfast, page 249
        4. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 caín”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
        5. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 caín”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
        6. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “caínid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

        Further reading

        Scottish Gaelic

        Pronunciation

        • IPA(key): /kʰɯːɲ/

        Etymology 1

        From Middle Irish caínid, from Old Irish coínid, from Brythonic (compare Welsh cwyn (“lament”)).

        Verb

        caoin (past chaoin, future caoinidh, verbal noun caoineadh, past participle caointe)

        1. mourn, lament, grieve
          Synonym: caoidh
        2. cry, weep
          Synonym: guil

        Etymology 2

        From Middle Irish caín (“smooth finished side; especially the outer surface of a wall, etc.”), a substantivization of caín (“fine, beautiful”).

        Noun

        caoin f (genitive singular caoine, no plural)

        1. exterior, outer side (of garment)
          Antonym: ascaoin
        Derived terms

        Mutation

        Mutation of caoin
        radical lenition
        caoin chaoin

        Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
        All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

        References

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