caithfidh

Irish

Pronunciation

(Munster) IPA^(key): (before a subject pronoun) /ˈkahə/^[1]^[2]; (elsewhere) /ˈkahɪɟ/^[2], /ˈkɑhɪɟ/^[3]
(Connacht) IPA^(key): (Aran) /ˈkafʲə/^[4], (Cois Fharraige) /ka/, [kaː]^[5], (Mayo) /ˈkɑihə/^[6]
(Ulster) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑhə/ ~ /ˈkɑfʲə/^[7], /ˈkaihi/^[8], /ˈkəihə/^[9], /ˈkãihə/^[10]

Verb

caithfidh

future analytic of caith
must (do as a requirement), have to
Caithfidh mé imeacht anois.
I have to go now.

Usage notes

The conditional form chaithfeadh is used as the past tense of the meaning “must, have to”.
Chaithfeadh sí dul chuig an leithreas.
She had to go to the toilet.

Synonyms

(must): bí ar, is éigean

Mutation

Mutated forms of *caithfidh*
radical	lenition	eclipsis
caithfidh	chaithfidh	gcaithfidh

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

^ Breatnach, Risteard B. (1947), The Irish of Ring, Co. Waterford: A Phonetic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, section 51, page 12
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Ó Sé, Diarmuid (2000), Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne [The Irish of Corkaguiny] (in Irish), Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann [Linguistics Institute of Ireland], →ISBN, section 516, page 258
^ Ó Cuív, Brian (1968), The Irish of West Muskerry, Co. Cork: A Phonetic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, page 85, line 65; reprinted 1988
^ Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 151
^ de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1977), Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge: An Deilbhíocht [The Irish of Cois Fharraige: Accidence] (in Irish), 2nd edition, Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], section 163, page 68
^ Stockman, Gerard (1974), The Irish of Achill, Co. Mayo (Studies in Irish Language and Literature, Department of Celtic, Q.U.B.; vol. 2), Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen’s University of Belfast, section 160, page 16
^ Wagner, Heinrich (1959), Gaeilge Theilinn: Foghraidheacht, Gramadach, Téacsanna [The Irish of Teelin: Phonetics, Grammar, Texts] (in Irish), Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], section 319, page 115; reprinted 1979
^ Hamilton, John Noel (1974), A Phonetic Study of the Irish of Tory Island, Co. Donegal (Studies in Irish Language and Literature, Department of Celtic, Q.U.B.; vol. 3), Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen’s University Belfast, page 248
^ Lucas, Leslie W. (1979), Grammar of Ros Goill Irish Co. Donegal (Studies in Irish Language and Literature, Department of Celtic, Q.U.B.; vol. 5), Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen’s University of Belfast, section 821, page 219
^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906), A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 204

[1] Breatnach, Risteard B. (1947), The Irish of Ring, Co. Waterford: A Phonetic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, section 51, page 12

[GCD516-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Ó Sé, Diarmuid (2000), Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne [The Irish of Corkaguiny] (in Irish), Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann [Linguistics Institute of Ireland], →ISBN, section 516, page 258

[3] Ó Cuív, Brian (1968), The Irish of West Muskerry, Co. Cork: A Phonetic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, page 85, line 65; reprinted 1988

[4] Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 151

[5] Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1977), Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge: An Deilbhíocht [The Irish of Cois Fharraige: Accidence] (in Irish), 2nd edition, Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], section 163, page 68

[6] Stockman, Gerard (1974), The Irish of Achill, Co. Mayo (Studies in Irish Language and Literature, Department of Celtic, Q.U.B.; vol. 2), Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen’s University of Belfast, section 160, page 16

[7] Wagner, Heinrich (1959), Gaeilge Theilinn: Foghraidheacht, Gramadach, Téacsanna [The Irish of Teelin: Phonetics, Grammar, Texts] (in Irish), Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], section 319, page 115; reprinted 1979

[8] Hamilton, John Noel (1974), A Phonetic Study of the Irish of Tory Island, Co. Donegal (Studies in Irish Language and Literature, Department of Celtic, Q.U.B.; vol. 3), Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen’s University Belfast, page 248

[9] Lucas, Leslie W. (1979), Grammar of Ros Goill Irish Co. Donegal (Studies in Irish Language and Literature, Department of Celtic, Q.U.B.; vol. 5), Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen’s University of Belfast, section 821, page 219

[10] Quiggin, E. C. (1906), A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 204

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