caith

See also: cáith

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish caithid, from Proto-Celtic *katyeti; compare Latin catēia (“projectile”), which is from Gaulish.

Pronunciation

Verb

caith (present analytic caitheann, future analytic caithfidh, verbal noun caitheamh, past participle caite)

  1. to wear
  2. to consume
    1. to smoke (tobacco)
    2. to take (medicine)
  3. to spend
  4. to throw
  5. (modal, in the future and conditional) must, have to
    Caithfidh mé imeacht. ― I have to go.
    Chaith sí dhá stoca éagsúil. Ar ndóigh, chaithfeadh sí a bheith difriúil.
    She wore non-matching socks. Of course she had to be different.

Conjugation

Conjugation of caith (first conjugation – A)
indicative singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
present caithim caitheann tú;
caithir† 		caitheann sé, sí caithimid; caitheann muid caitheann sibh caitheann siad;
caithid† 		a chaitheann; a chaitheas caitear
past chaith mé; chaitheas chaith tú; chaithis chaith sé, sí chaitheamar; chaith muid chaith sibh; chaitheabhair chaith siad; chaitheadar a chaith caitheadh
past habitual chaithinn /
caithinn‡ 		chaiteá /
caiteᇠ		chaitheadh sé, sí /
caitheadh sé, sí‡ 		chaithimis; chaitheadh muid /
caithimis‡; caitheadh muid‡ 		chaitheadh sibh /
caitheadh sibh‡ 		chaithidís; chaitheadh siad /
caithidís‡; caitheadh siad‡ 		a chaitheadh chaití /
caití‡
singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
future caithfidh mé;
caithfead 		caithfidh tú;
caithfir† 		caithfidh sé, sí caithfimid;
caithfidh muid 		caithfidh sibh caithfidh siad;
caithfid† 		a chaithfidh; a chaithfeas caithfear
conditional chaithfinn /
caithfinn‡ 		chaithfeá /
caithfeᇠ		chaithfeadh sé, sí /
caithfeadh sé, sí‡ 		chaithfimis; chaithfeadh muid /
caithfimis‡; caithfeadh muid‡ 		chaithfeadh sibh /
caithfeadh sibh‡ 		chaithfidís; chaithfeadh siad /
caithfidís‡; caithfeadh siad‡ 		a chaithfeadh chaithfí /
caithfí‡
subjunctive singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
present go gcaithe mé;
go gcaithead† 		go gcaithe tú;
go gcaithir† 		go gcaithe sé, sí go gcaithimid;
go gcaithe muid 		go gcaithe sibh go gcaithe siad;
go gcaithid† 		— go gcaitear
past dá gcaithinn dá gcaiteá dá gcaitheadh sé, sí dá gcaithimis;
dá gcaitheadh muid 		dá gcaitheadh sibh dá gcaithidís;
dá gcaitheadh siad 		— dá gcaití
imperative singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
— caithim caith caitheadh sé, sí caithimis caithigí;
caithidh† 		caithidís — caitear
past participle caite
verbal noun caitheamh

† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form

Derived terms

Mutation

Mutated forms of caith
radical lenition eclipsis
caith chaith gcaith

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 150
  2. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906), A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 172, page 65

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish caithid, from Proto-Celtic *katyeti; compare Latin catēia (“projectile”), which is from Gaulish.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kʰɛh/

Verb

caith (past chaith, future caithidh, verbal noun caitheamh, past participle caithte)

  1. spend, pass (time)
  2. waste, squander
  3. wear (clothes)

Derived terms

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