budynek

Polish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-
Proto-Germanic *būaną
Proto-Germanic *bōþōder.
Middle High German *būdingbor.
Polish budynek

    Borrowed from Middle High German *būding.[1][2] First attested in 1600.[3] Less likely, from budować +‎ -unek with an unclear shift of -unek -> -ynek, perhaps either modelled on pojedynek and spoczynek,[4] or from dialectal influence.[2] Compare Kashubian bùdink, Silesian budōnek, and Slovincian bùdynk.

    Pronunciation

     
    • IPA(key): /buˈdɘ.nɛk/
    • Audio 1:(file)
    • Audio 2:(file)
    • Rhymes: -ɘnɛk
    • Syllabification: bu‧dy‧nek

    Noun

    budynek m inan (diminutive budyneczek, related adjective budynkowy)

    1. building (closed structure with walls and a roof)
      Synonyms: budowla, gmach
    2. (obsolete) manner of building; method of construction
    3. (obsolete) construction (anything that has been constructed)
      Synonym: budowla
    4. (Middle Polish) building (act of building)

    Declension

    Declension of budynek
    singular plural
    nominative budynek budynki
    genitive budynku budynków
    dative budynkowi budynkom
    accusative budynek budynki
    instrumental budynkiem budynkami
    locative budynku budynkach
    vocative budynku budynki

    Derived terms

    nouns
    • budynek zbiorowego zamieszkania
    nouns
    verbs

    Descendants

    • → Belarusian: буды́нак (budýnak)
    • → Samogitian: budinks
    • → Ukrainian: буди́нок (budýnok)

    Trivia

    According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), budynek is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 8 times in scientific texts, 39 times in news, 26 times in essays, 10 times in fiction, and 0 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 83 times, making it the 766th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[5]

    References

    1. ^ Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “budynek”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “budynek”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
    3. ^ Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “budynek”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
    4. ^ Mańczak, Witold (2017), “budynek”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
    5. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “budynek”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[1] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 27

    Further reading

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