berat

See also: Berat, berät, and bērāt

Iban

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *bərat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀəqat.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bərat/

Noun

berat

  1. weight

Adjective

berat

  1. heavy (having great weight)
  2. hard
    Synonyms: lembau, serut
  3. hurried
  4. hesitant

References

  • Scott, N. C. (1956), A Dictionary of Sea Dayak‎[2], School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London

Indonesian

Etymology

Inherited from Malay berat, from Proto-Malayic *bərat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀəqat. Doublet of bobot.

Pronunciation

  • (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /bəˈrat/ [bəˈrat̪̚]
  • Rhymes: -at
  • Syllabification: be‧rat

Adjective

bêrat (comparative lebih berat, superlative paling berat)

  1. heavy (having great weight)
  2. grave; severe; serious
    Synonym: parah
    Akibat kecelakaan itu, dia terkena luka berat. ― Because of the accident, he got serious injury.
  3. hard; difficult
    Synonym: sulit, susah
  4. inclinational
    Synonym: cenderung, memihak
  5. (figurative) cursed; ill-fated
    Synonym: celaka

Synonyms

  • (grave, serious): teruk (Standard Malay)

Noun

bêrat (plural berat-berat)

  1. (classical mechanics) weight
    Synonym: bobot
  2. (colloquial) mass
    Synonym: massa

Conjugation

Conjugation of berat (meng-, transitive)
root berat
active passive basic
imperative 		emphatic
jussive
reflective1 ordinary
ordinary
nominative memberat – – – beratlah
accusative / dative / locative memberati terberati diberati berati beratilah
perfective causative / applicative2 memberatkan terberatkan diberatkan beratkan beratkanlah
causative
nominative memperberat – diperberat perberat perberatlah
accusative / dative / locative – – – – –
perfective causative / applicative2 – – – – –

1 There is another form of reflective passive verb with affixation of ke- -an which is not included in the table. This form is only attested in active voice without causative affixation of per-.
2 The -kan row is either causative or applicative. With transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning.
Some of these forms do not normally exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

Derived terms

Affixations
Compounds
  • alat berat
  • berat awal
  • berat badan
  • berat basah
  • berat benaman
  • berat bersih
  • berat bibir
  • berat ekor
  • berat hati
  • berat hidup
  • berat isi tanah
  • berat jenis
  • berat jodoh
  • berat kaki
  • berat kepala
  • berat kosong
  • berat kotor
  • berat lidah
  • berat mata
  • berat mati
  • berat molekul
  • berat mulut
  • berat otak
  • berat pinggul
  • berat sapih
  • berat sebelah
  • berat siku
  • berat tangan
  • berat telinga
  • berat tulang

Further reading

Latvian

Verb

berat

  1. second-person plural present indicative of bērt

Malay

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Old Malay brat, from Proto-Malayic *bərat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀəqat. Attested in Muara Jambi Old Malay inscriptions from the 11th–12th centuries.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bəˈrat/ [bəˈrat̪̚]
    • Audio (Malaysia):(file)
  • Rhymes: -rat, -at

Noun

berat (Jawi spelling برت, uncountable)

  1. (physics) weight

Adjective

berat (Jawi spelling برت, comparative lebih berat, superlative paling berat)

  1. heavy (having great weight)
  2. onerous, arduous

Derived terms

Affixations

Descendants

  • > Indonesian: berat (inherited)

References

  1. ^ Wahyu Rizki Andhifani; Hedwi Prihatmoko; Andrea Acri; Arlo Griffiths; Mathilde Mechling; Gregory Sattler (2025), “Maritime Links Between China, Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula, and Buddhist Monasteries in India (c. 11th–12th Centuries) in the Light of Two Fragmentary Inscribed Strips of Copper from Muara Jambi”, in Religions‎[1], volume 16, number 6, page 14: “brat—The word, spelled here with a long ā presumably because, before suffix ‐ña, it stands in penultimate position, obviously corresponds to berat in C/MM.”

Further reading

Old Irish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈbʲe.ɾəd̪/
    • (Blasse) [ˈbʲe.ɾad̪]
    • (Griffith) [ˈbʲe.ɾəd̪]

Verb

·berat

  1. third-person plural present indicative/subjunctive conjunct of beirid

Mutation

Mutation of ·berat
radical lenition nasalization
·berat ·berat
pronounced with /βʲ-/		 ·mberat

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

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