averrunco

Latin

Etymology

From ab- +‎ verruncō (“(religion) to turn out well”), from Old Latin *verruncus (possibly still seen in Āverruncus), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *wrs-on-ko-s, itself from an adjective *wrs-on- (“who sweeps”). See verro (“to sweep out”) and -cus.[1]

Pronunciation

Verb

āverruncō (present infinitive āverruncāre, perfect active āverruncāvī, supine āverruncātum); first conjugation

  1. (religion) to avert, remove, ward off
    Dī āverruncent! ― The gods forbid!
    • 234 BCE – 149 BCE, Cato the Elder, De Agri Cultura 141:
      Mārs pater, tē precor quaesōque, uti [...] tū morbōs vīsōs invīsōsque, viduertātem vāstitūdinemque, calamitātēs intemperiāsque prohibēssīs dēfendēs āverruncēsque.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita VIII.6:
      Hos ubi nocturnos visus inter se consules contulerunt, placuit auerruncandae deum irae uictimas caedi; […]
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation

   Conjugation of āverruncō (first conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present āverruncō āverruncās āverruncat āverruncāmus āverruncātis āverruncant
imperfect āverruncābam āverruncābās āverruncābat āverruncābāmus āverruncābātis āverruncābant
future āverruncābō āverruncābis āverruncābit āverruncābimus āverruncābitis āverruncābunt
perfect āverruncāvī āverruncāvistī āverruncāvit āverruncāvimus āverruncāvistis āverruncāvērunt,
āverruncāvēre
pluperfect āverruncāveram āverruncāverās āverruncāverat āverruncāverāmus āverruncāverātis āverruncāverant
future perfect āverruncāverō āverruncāveris āverruncāverit āverruncāverimus āverruncāveritis āverruncāverint
sigmatic future1 āverruncāssō āverruncāssis āverruncāssit āverruncāssimus āverruncāssitis āverruncāssint
passive present āverruncor āverruncāris,
āverruncāre 		āverruncātur āverruncāmur āverruncāminī āverruncantur
imperfect āverruncābar āverruncābāris,
āverruncābāre 		āverruncābātur āverruncābāmur āverruncābāminī āverruncābantur
future āverruncābor āverruncāberis,
āverruncābere 		āverruncābitur āverruncābimur āverruncābiminī āverruncābuntur
perfect āverruncātus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect āverruncātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect āverruncātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present āverruncem āverruncēs āverruncet āverruncēmus āverruncētis āverruncent
imperfect āverruncārem āverruncārēs āverruncāret āverruncārēmus āverruncārētis āverruncārent
perfect āverruncāverim āverruncāverīs āverruncāverit āverruncāverīmus āverruncāverītis āverruncāverint
pluperfect āverruncāvissem āverruncāvissēs āverruncāvisset āverruncāvissēmus āverruncāvissētis āverruncāvissent
sigmatic aorist1 āverruncāssim āverruncāssīs āverruncāssīt āverruncāssīmus āverruncāssītis āverruncāssint
passive present āverruncer āverruncēris,
āverruncēre 		āverruncētur āverruncēmur āverruncēminī āverruncentur
imperfect āverruncārer āverruncārēris,
āverruncārēre 		āverruncārētur āverruncārēmur āverruncārēminī āverruncārentur
perfect āverruncātus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect āverruncātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — āverruncā — — āverruncāte —
future — āverruncātō āverruncātō — āverruncātōte āverruncantō
passive present — āverruncāre — — āverruncāminī —
future — āverruncātor āverruncātor — — āverruncantor
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present āverruncāre āverruncārī āverruncāns —
future āverruncātūrum esse āverruncātum īrī āverruncātūrus āverruncandus
perfect āverruncāvisse āverruncātum esse — āverruncātus
future perfect — āverruncātum fore — —
perfect potential āverruncātūrum fuisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
āverruncandī āverruncandō āverruncandum āverruncandō āverruncātum āverruncātū

1At least one use of the Old Latin "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

References

  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “verrō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 666

Further reading

  • “averrunco”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “averrunco”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “averrunco”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
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