akkuna
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *akkuna, borrowed from Old East Slavic окъно (okŭno) (whence also Russian окно́ (oknó)), from Proto-Slavic *okъno.[1] Cognate to Estonian aken, Udmurt укно (ukno).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɑkːunɑ/, [ˈɑ̝kːunɑ̝]
- Rhymes: -ɑkːunɑ
- Syllabification(key): ak‧ku‧na
- Hyphenation(key): ak‧ku‧na
Noun
akkuna
- (now dialectal) synonym of ikkuna
- Alternative forms: akku, aakkona, akkona (obsolete), aackona
- 1548, Mikael Agricola, transl., Se Wsi Testamenti [The New Testament], Stockholm, Apostolitten Teghot (Acts) 20:9:
- yxi Noricainen, nimelde Eutychus, iſtui ackonalla
- [yksi Noorikainen, nimeltä Eutychus, istui akkunalla]
- Seated in a window was a young man named Eutychus
Usage notes
akkuna remains the traditional word in most western dialects, especially in Southwest Finland and Ostrobothnia, where ikkuna is rarely, if at all, attested. ikkuna is found throughout the eastern Finnish dialects as well as the northern dialects. In the Tavastian dialects, both may occur, and one or the other may be considered the "new, snobby" word in these regions (although such prejudices may have since become less frequent due to the pervasive influence of the standard language).
Declension
| Inflection of akkuna (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | akkuna | akkunat | |
| genitive | akkunan | akkunoiden akkunoitten | |
| partitive | akkunaa | akkunoita | |
| illative | akkunaan | akkunoihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | akkuna | akkunat | |
| accusative | nom. | akkuna | akkunat |
| gen. | akkunan | ||
| genitive | akkunan | akkunoiden akkunoitten akkunain rare | |
| partitive | akkunaa | akkunoita | |
| inessive | akkunassa | akkunoissa | |
| elative | akkunasta | akkunoista | |
| illative | akkunaan | akkunoihin | |
| adessive | akkunalla | akkunoilla | |
| ablative | akkunalta | akkunoilta | |
| allative | akkunalle | akkunoille | |
| essive | akkunana | akkunoina | |
| translative | akkunaksi | akkunoiksi | |
| abessive | akkunatta | akkunoitta | |
| instructive | — | akkunoin | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
| Possessive forms of akkuna (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References
- ^ Erkki Itkonen, Ulla-Maija Kulonen, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
Further reading
- “akkuna”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023
- “akkuna”, in Suomen murteiden sanakirja [Dictionary of Finnish Dialects][3] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, incomplete, continuously updated), Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten keskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2022, →ISSN, retrieved 4 August 2024.
- “akkuna”, in Vanhan kirjasuomen sanakirja [Dictionary of Old Literary Finnish][4] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, incomplete, continuously updated), Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten keskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2021, →ISSN, retrieved 4 August 2024.
Anagrams
Ingrian
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈɑkːunɑ/, [ˈɑkːŭn]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈɑkːunɑ/, [ˈɑkːunɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑkːun, -ɑkːunɑ
- Hyphenation: ak‧ku‧na
Noun
akkuna
- (obsolete) alternative form of ikkuna
- 1924, Juho Lukkarinen, quoting Mikulkan nainen, “3563. Narvusi, Pärspää, n. 505”, in Väinö Salminen, editor, Suomen Kansan Vanhat Runot. Länsi-Inkerin runot[5], volume III3, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, lines 3-4:
- Ikkunoista, akkunoista! // Terve kuu, terve päivä,
- From the windows, from the fenestrae! // Hello moon, hello sun,
Declension
| Declension of akkuna (type 3/kana, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | akkuna | akkunat |
| genitive | akkunan | akkunoin |
| partitive | akkunaa | akkunoja |
| illative | akkunaa | akkunoihe |
| inessive | akkunaas | akkunois |
| elative | akkunast | akkunoist |
| allative | akkunalle | akkunoille |
| adessive | akkunaal | akkunoil |
| ablative | akkunalt | akkunoilt |
| translative | akkunaks | akkunoiks |
| essive | akkunanna, akkunaan | akkunoinna, akkunoin |
| exessive1) | akkunant | akkunoint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
References
- Fedor Tumansky (1790), “аккуна”, in Опытъ повѣствованїя о дѣянїях, положенїи, состоянїи и раздѣленїи Санкт-Петербургской губернїи [An experiment of an account of the acts, location, condition and division of the Saint Petersburg gubernia], Краткїй словарь ижерскаго, финскаго, эстонскаго, чюдскаго, и ямскаго нарѣчїя съ россїйскимъ переводомъ [A short dictionary of the Ingrian, Finnish, Estonian, Chud and Yamtian dialects with a Russian translation], page 689