abstenir

Catalan

Verb

abstenir

  1. only used in s'... abstenir, syntactic variant of abstenir-se, infinitive of abstenir-se

French

Etymology

    Inherited from Old French abstenir, borrowed from Latin abstinēre (with conjugation adapted to French tenir), from abs + teneō.

    Pronunciation

    Verb

    abstenir

    1. (pronominal) to abstain

    Guy Miège, French-English Dictionary, 1688. "S'abstenir, to abstain, forbear or keep from. S'abstenir du vin & des femmes, to abstain from wine and women. Il ne put s'abstenir de la regarder, he could not forbear looking upon her."

    Conjugation

    This is a verb in a group of -ir verbs. All verbs ending in -tenir, such as contenir and détenir, are conjugated this way. Such verbs are the only verbs whose past historic and subjunctive imperfect endings do not start with one of these thematic vowels: -a-, -i-, -u-.

    Conjugation of abstenir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
    infinitive simple abstenir
    compound avoir + past participle
    present participle or gerund1 simple abstenant
    /ap.stə.nɑ̃/
    compound ayant + past participle
    past participle abstenu
    /ap.stə.ny/
    singular plural
    first second third first second third
    indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
    (simple
    tenses)         		present abstiens
    /ap.stjɛ̃/     		abstiens
    /ap.stjɛ̃/     		abstient
    /ap.stjɛ̃/     		abstenons
    /ap.stə.nɔ̃/     		abstenez
    /ap.stə.ne/     		abstiennent
    /ap.stjɛn/
    imperfect abstenais
    /ap.stə.nɛ/     		abstenais
    /ap.stə.nɛ/     		abstenait
    /ap.stə.nɛ/     		abstenions
    /ap.stə.njɔ̃/     		absteniez
    /ap.stə.nje/     		abstenaient
    /ap.stə.nɛ/
    past historic2 abstins
    /ap.stɛ̃/     		abstins
    /ap.stɛ̃/     		abstint
    /ap.stɛ̃/     		abstînmes
    /ap.stɛ̃m/     		abstîntes
    /ap.stɛ̃t/     		abstinrent
    /ap.stɛ̃ʁ/
    future abstiendrai
    /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁe/     		abstiendras
    /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁa/     		abstiendra
    /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁa/     		abstiendrons
    /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/     		abstiendrez
    /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁe/     		abstiendront
    /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/
    conditional abstiendrais
    /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁɛ/     		abstiendrais
    /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁɛ/     		abstiendrait
    /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁɛ/     		abstiendrions
    /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/     		abstiendriez
    /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁi.je/     		abstiendraient
    /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁɛ/
    (compound
    tenses)         		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
    pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
    past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
    future perfect future of avoir + past participle
    conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
    subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
    (simple
    tenses)         		present abstienne
    /ap.stjɛn/     		abstiennes
    /ap.stjɛn/     		abstienne
    /ap.stjɛn/     		abstenions
    /ap.stə.njɔ̃/     		absteniez
    /ap.stə.nje/     		abstiennent
    /ap.stjɛn/
    imperfect2 abstinsse
    /ap.stɛ̃s/     		abstinsses
    /ap.stɛ̃s/     		abstînt
    /ap.stɛ̃/     		abstinssions
    /ap.stɛ̃.sjɔ̃/     		abstinssiez
    /ap.stɛ̃.sje/     		abstinssent
    /ap.stɛ̃s/
    (compound
    tenses)         		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
    pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
    imperative – tu – nous vous –
    simple — abstiens
    /ap.stjɛ̃/     		— abstenons
    /ap.stə.nɔ̃/     		abstenez
    /ap.stə.ne/     		—
    compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
    1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
    2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
    past historic → present perfect
    past anterior → pluperfect
    imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
    pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

    (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

    Further reading

    Anagrams

    Old French

    Alternative forms

    Etymology

      Borrowed from Latin abstineō, abstinēre, with conjugation adapted to tenir.

      Verb

      abstenir

      1. to abstain from; to not participate in

      Conjugation

      This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has a stressed present stem abstien distinct from the unstressed stem absten, as well as other irregularities. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

          Conjugation of abstenir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
      simple compound
      infinitive abstenir avoir abstenu
      gerund en abstenant gerund of avoir + past participle
      present participle abstenant
      past participle abstenu
      person singular plural
      first second third first second third
      indicative jo tu il nos vos il
      simple
      tenses       		present abstieng, abstien abstiens abstient abstenons abstenez abstienent
      imperfect abstenoie, absteneie abstenoies, absteneies abstenoit, absteneit absteniiens, absteniens absteniiez, absteniez abstenoient, absteneient
      preterite abstin abstenis abstint abstenimes abstenistes abstindrent, abstinrent
      future abstendrai abstendras abstendra abstendrons abstendroiz, abstendreiz, abstendrez abstendront
      conditional abstendroie, abstendreie abstendroies, abstendreies abstendroit, abstendreit abstendriiens, abstendriens abstendriiez, abstendriez abstendroient, abstendreient
      compound
      tenses       		present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
      pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
      past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
      future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
      conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
      subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
      simple
      tenses       		present abstiegne abstiegnes abstiegne abstiegniens, abstiegnons abstiegniez abstiegnent
      imperfect abstenisse abstenisses abstenist abstenissons, abstenissiens abstenissoiz, abstenissez, abstenissiez abstenissent
      compound
      tenses       		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
      pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
      imperative – tu – nos vos –
      — abstien — abstenons abstenez —

      Descendants

      • French: abstenir
      • → Middle English: absteynen, abstenen, abstinen
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