Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/çaç

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

  • *ses, *tet (per Werner 2002)
  • *ses (per Starostin 1994-2005)[1]
  • *set, *tet (per Jīngyī 2017)[2]
  • *sēˑs, *tes (per Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *çajxs (per Fortescue-Vajda 2022)
  • *ses (per Cologne group. Pattern: s.1-s.2)

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Athabaskan *saˑxʸ (“sand”),[3] Navajo séí (“sand”) and Tlingit xágw (“sand”), xákw (“sandbar, sand beach, gravel beach”).[4]

According to Fortescue-Vajda (2022), derived from a supposed *çajx (“sand”) (Normalized: *çaj) with the addition of *-s (nominalizer suffix), which he purports to support the supposed cognates in Athabaskan languages and Tlingit.

Noun

*çaç (plural *çaç-Vŋ)

  1. (geography, hydrology) river, rivulet; creek, brook

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • 18th century Imbak Ket: (Messerschmidt; Eed-Šeš dialect) schösch, šöš (schösch, šöš)
    • 18th century Imbak Ket: (Castrén) ses, sês (ses, sês); (Müller, Pallas) ses (ses)
    • 19th century Imbak Ket: (Adelung) sis', ses', zas, sis, šiš, sɨs, cɨs, čes (sis', ses', zas, sis, šiš, sɨs, cɨs, čes); (Klaproth) ses, seːs, žes (ses, seːs, žes)
    • 20th century Imbak Ket: (Bouda) sôs (sôs)
      • Ket: (All dialects) сесь (sʲēˑsʲ, singular)[5]
        • Ket: (Southern dialects) сясь (sʲàsʲ, plural)
        • Ket: (Central dialects) сяасьә (sʲáàsʲɤ, sʲâːsʲɤ, plural)
        • Ket: (Northern dialects) сяаси (sʲāːsʲi, plural)
    • 18th century Ostyak Yug: (Müller) seːs, džes (seːs, džes)
      • Yug: сес (sēs, singular), сааʼс (saːˀs, plural)
  • Kottic:
    • Assan: (Müller, Pallas) šet, (Klaproth) šeto
      • ⇒ Assan: (Klaproth) šétagaj (“river”)
    • Kott: (Strahlenberg; Kamasin dialect) satiŋ (plural)
    • Kott: (Castrén) šêt, (Fischer, Helimski, Klaproth, Müller, Pallas) šet (singular), (Castrén) šati (plural)
      • ⇒ Kott: (Castrén) šêtôk, šêtôg (singular), (Castrén) šêtôkŋ, šêtôgan, šêtôkan (“creek, brook”, plural)
  • Arinic:
    • Arin: (Klaproth, Müller, Pallas) sat
  • Pumpokolic:

See also

  • Yeniseian entry guidelines § Historical bibliography

References

  1. ^ https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=618&root=config
  2. ^ Jīngyī [晶一], Gāo [高] (2017), “確定夏國及凱特人的語言為屬於漢語族和葉尼塞語系共同詞源”, in Central Asiatic Journal (Migration and Nation-Building in Central and Western Asia: Turkic Peoples and Their Neighbours; II)‎[1], volume 60, numbers 1-2, Harrassowitz Verlag, page 53 of 51-58
  3. ^ Leer, Jeff (1996), Comparative Athabaskan Lexicon‎[2], volume s/za-s/zE, Alaska Native Language Archive, page 11
  4. ^ Twitchell, X̱ʼunei Lance (2020), Tlingit Online Dictionary, Juneau, Alaska: Independently published, supported by Goldbelt Heritage Foundation and the University of Alaska Southeast, →ISBN, page 236
  5. ^ Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, page 341

Further reading

  • Bonmann, Svenja; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Hill, Eugen (2023), “'river'”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part I: Word-Initial Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[3], number 5, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 60 of 39-82
  • Hill, Eugen; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Svenja, Bonmann (2024), “'river'”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[4], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 256 of 216-293
  • Fortescue, Michael; Vajda, Edward (2022), Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[5], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 356
  • Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*sēˑs/*tes”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 2, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 782
  • Vajda, Edward (2024), “*çaç”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[6], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 418
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002), “1s'e·s'”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 2, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 191
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002), “Geographische Namen”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 3, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 34-70
  • Werner, Heinrich (2005), “river (fluvius), river (appellativa)”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 316-317
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