Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/lattjan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *latjaną. Equivalent to *lat (“slow, lazy”) +‎ *-jan.

Verb

*lattjan^[1]

to hinder

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*lattjan
1st sg. past	*lattā
Infinitive	*lattjan
Genitive infin.	*lattjannjas
Dative infin.	*lattjannjē
Instrum. infin.	*lattjannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*lattju	*lattā
2nd singular	*latisi	lattēs, lattōs
3rd singular	*latiþi	lattē, lattā
1st plural	*lattjum	*lattum
2nd plural	*latiþ	*lattud
3rd plural	*lattjanþ	*lattun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*lattjē	*lattī
2nd singular	*lattjēs	*lattī
3rd singular	*lattjē	*lattī
1st plural	*lattjēm	*lattīm
2nd plural	*lattjēþ	*lattīd
3rd plural	*lattjēn	*lattīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*lati
Plural	*latiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*lattjandī	*latt

Descendants

Old English: lettan
- Middle English: letten
  - English: let
  - Scots: lat
Old Frisian: letta
- Saterland Frisian: lätte
- West Frisian: lette
Old Saxon: lettian
- Middle Low German: letten
  - German Low German: letten
Old Dutch: *letten
- Middle Dutch: letten
  - Dutch: letten
    - Afrikaans: let
Old High German: lezzen
- Middle High German: lezen, letzen
  - German: letzen
  - ⇒ Middle High German: ferletzen, verletzen
    - German: verletzen

References

^ Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014), The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 72: “PWGmc *lāttē ‘hindered’”

[1] Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014), The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 72: “PWGmc *lāttē ‘hindered’”

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