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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Germanic *karilaz, from *karaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂-.
Noun
*karil m
- (feudalism) free peasant, churl
Inflection
| Masculine a-stem
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Singular
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| Nominative
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*karil(a)
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| Genitive
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*karilas
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Singular
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Plural
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| Nominative
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*karil(a)
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*karilōs
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| Accusative
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*karil(a)
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*karilā
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| Genitive
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*karilas
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*karilō
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| Dative
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*karilē
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*karilum
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| Instrumental
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*karilu
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*karilum
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Alternative reconstructions
Descendants
- Old English: ċeorl, ċiorl
- Old Frisian: tzerl, tzirl
- North Frisian: keerl
- West Frisian: tsjirl, tsjerl
- Old Saxon: *keril
- Middle Low German: kerl, kerle
- Dutch Low Saxon: (Gronings, Achterhoeks) keerl, (Twents, Achterhoeks) kearl
- German Low German: Kerel, Keerl
- Westphalian:
- Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Kǟrl
- Suerländer-Märkisch: Kærl, Kæl, Kêrl
- Westmünsterländisch: Käärl, Kerl, Kiärl
- → German: Kerl
- → Saterland Frisian: Käärel
- Old Dutch: *keril, *karal, karl
- Middle Dutch: carel, caerl, kerl, kerel
- Dutch: kerel
- Afrikaans: kêrel
- Jersey Dutch: kääd'l
- → Saterland Frisian: kerel, kërel, kërdel[1]
- → West Frisian: keardel, kearel
- Limburgish: kaerel
- Old High German: *keril, karal, karl
- Middle High German: karl, karle, kërl, kërle
- ⇒ Old High German: Karl (given name)
- German: Karl, Carl
- → English: Karl, Carl (see there for further descendants)
- → Latin: Carolus (see there for further descendants)
- → Proto-Slavic: *korľь (see there for further descendants)
References
- ^ Wörterbuch der Ostfriesischen Sprache. ten Doornkaat Koolman, J., Volume 2. 1879. 199th page.