Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hring

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring, circle”).

Noun

*hring m

ring, circle

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*hring(a)
Genitive	*hringas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*hring(a)	*hringōs
Accusative	*hring(a)	*hringā
Genitive	*hringas	*hringō
Dative	*hringē	*hringum
Instrumental	*hringu	*hringum

Derived terms

Descendants

Old English: hring, hrincg, hrinċġ, ring, ᚱᛁᚾᚷ (rinġ) — Wheatley Hill Finger Ring
- Middle English: ryng, rynge, ring
  - English: ring
    - → French: ring
      - → Romanian: ring
    - → Hungarian: ring
    - → Italian: ring
    - → Japanese: リング
    - → Polish: ring
    - → Portuguese: ringue
    - → Serbo-Croatian: ring
    - → Spanish: ring
    - → Turkish: ring
  - Scots: rhing, ring
  - Yola: rhing, ring
- → Medieval Latin: ringa, renga (Anglo-Latin)
Old Frisian: hring
- North Frisian: Ring, Rink
- Saterland Frisian: Ring
- West Frisian: ring
Old Saxon: hring
- Middle Low German: rink
  - Low German: Ring, rinc, rink
    - German Low German: Ring
  - Plautdietsch: Rinkj
Old Dutch: rinc
- Middle Dutch: rinc
  - Dutch: ring
    - Afrikaans: ring
    - Negerhollands: rink, riṅ
    - →? Aukan: linga
    - → Indonesian: ring
    - → Papiamentu: renchi, ringtsje (from the diminutive)
  - Limburgish: rink
Old High German: ring, hring
- Middle High German: rinc, ring
  - German: Ring
  - Luxembourgish: Rank
  - Yiddish: רינג (ring)
  - → Old Czech: rynek, rynk, ryňk (later)
    - Czech: rynek
  - → Old Polish: rynek
    - Polish: rynek
      - → Belarusian: ры́нак (rýnak)
      - → Kashubian: rënk
      - → Russian: ры́нок (rýnok)
      - → Ukrainian: ри́нок (rýnok)
    - Silesian: rynek
→ Old French: reng, renc, renk, renge, renke, rang, ranc (see there for further descendants)
→ Old French: renge, range (“sword-belt”)
- Middle French: renge
- → Middle English: renge, raunge

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ringing sound”).

Noun

*hring m

(Anglo-Frisian) ringing sound

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*hring(a)
Genitive	*hringas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*hring(a)	*hringōs
Accusative	*hring(a)	*hringā
Genitive	*hringas	*hringō
Dative	*hringē	*hringum
Instrumental	*hringu	*hringum

Descendants

Old English: hring
- Middle English: *ring
  - English: ring