Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dwalljan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

    From Proto-Germanic *dwaljaną.

    Verb

    *dwalljan[1]

    1. to be confused, perplex
    2. to hold up, delay

    Inflection

    Class 1 weak
    Infinitive *dwalljan
    1st sg. past *dwaldā
    Infinitive *dwalljan
    Genitive infin. *dwalljannjas
    Dative infin. *dwalljannjē
    Instrum. infin. *dwalljannju
    Indicative Present Past
    1st singular *dwallju *dwaldā
    2nd singular *dwalisi *dwaldēs, *dwaldōs
    3rd singular *dwaliþi *dwaldē, *dwaldā
    1st plural *dwalljum *dwaldum
    2nd plural *dwaliþ *dwaldud
    3rd plural *dwalljanþ *dwaldun
    Subjunctive Present Past
    1st singular *dwalljē *dwaldī
    2nd singular *dwalljēs *dwaldī
    3rd singular *dwalljē *dwaldī
    1st plural *dwalljēm *dwaldīm
    2nd plural *dwalljēþ *dwaldīd
    3rd plural *dwalljēn *dwaldīn
    Imperative Present
    Singular *dwali
    Plural *dwaliþ
    Present Past
    Participle *dwalljandī *dwald

    Descendants

    • Old English: dwellan
      • Middle English: dwellen, duell, duelle, dwel, dwell, dwelle, dwellyn, dweylle
        • English: dwell
        • Scots: dwall
    • Old Saxon: *dwellian
    • Old Dutch: *dwellen
    • Old High German: twellen
      • Middle High German: twellen

    References

    1. ^ Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014), The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 73: “PWGmc *dwaldē”
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