Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/drakō

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

    Borrowed from Latin dracō (“dragon”).

    Noun

    *drakō m[1]

    1. dragon

    Inflection

    Masculine an-stem
    Singular
    Nominative *drakō
    Genitive *drakini, *drakan
    Singular Plural
    Nominative *drakō *drakan
    Accusative *drakan *drakan
    Genitive *drakini, *drakan *drakanō
    Dative *drakini, *drakan *drakum
    Instrumental *drakini, *drakan *drakum

    Descendants

    • Old English: draca, dræce
      • Middle English: drake
        • English: drake
      • → Old West Norse: dreki[2][3][4] (via* dræce; or ← Old Saxon/Middle Low German)[3][4]
    • Old Frisian: *draka
      • West Frisian: draak (possibly borrowed from Dutch)
    • Old Saxon: *drako
      • Middle Low German: drāke, drake
        • German Low German: Drake
        • → Norwegian Nynorsk: drake; (dialectal) drakkji, dragje, draga[5][6]
          • → Norwegian Bokmål: drake
        • → Old Danish: draghæ[6]
        • → Old Swedish: draki
          • Swedish: drake[7] (see there for further descendants)
          • → Elfdalian: dratji
    • Old Dutch: *draco
      • Middle Dutch: drāke
        • Dutch: draak
        • Limburgish: draagk, draogk
        • West Flemish: droake
    • Old High German: trahho, tracho, trakko, tracko
      • Middle High German: trache
        • Alemannic German: Traach
        • Bavarian: Drack
        • German: Drache
        • Luxembourgish: Draach
        • Rhine Franconian:
          Pennsylvania German: Drach
        • Vilamovian: draoch

    References

    1. ^ Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014), The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 136: “PWGmc *drakō”
    2. ^ Fischer, Frank (1909), “6: Englisch-lateinische Lehnwörter”, in Die Lehnwörter des Altwestnordischen‎[1] (in German), Berlin: Mayer & Müller, page 47: “dreki m., 'Drache’ : ae. draca (oder ir. drac Indfl. S. 202), l. draco.”
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Philippa, Marlies; Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke; van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009), “draak”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎[2] (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press: “on. dreki ‘draak; vikingschip’ (< oe. of mnd.)”
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 de Vries, Jan (1971), “draak”, in Nederlands etymologisch woordenboek [Dutch etymological dictionary] (in Dutch), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN: “on. dreki is uit het oe. of uit het mnd. ontleend”
    5. ^ Torp, Alf (1919), “drake”, in Nynorsk Etymologisk Ordbok, Oslo: H. Aschehoug and Co. (W. Nygaard)
    6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 van der Sijs, Nicoline (2010), “draak”, in Nederlandse woorden wereldwijd [Dutch words worldwide]‎[3] (in Dutch), The Hague: Sdu Uitgevers, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 283
    7. ^ Philippa, Marlies; Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke; van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009), “draak”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎[4] (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press: “nzw. drake ‘draak’, drakkar ‘vikingschip’, letterlijk ‘draken’ < mnd.”
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