Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/arm

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology 1

    From Proto-Germanic *armaz.

    Noun

    *arm m

    2. arm
    Inflection
    Masculine a-stem
    Singular
    Nominative *arm(a)
    Genitive *armas
    Singular Plural
    Nominative *arm(a) *armōs
    Accusative *arm(a) *armā
    Genitive *armas *armō
    Dative *armē *armum
    Instrumental *armu *armum
    Descendants
    • Old English: earm, arm — Anglian
      • Middle English: arm
        • English: arm
        • Middle Scots: arm, arme
        • Yola: arrm, earme
    • Old Frisian: erm
    • Old Saxon: arm
      • Middle Low German: arm
        • Low German:
          • German Low German:
            Hamburgisch: Arm
            Westphalian:
            Ravensbergisch: Ārm
            Lippisch: Arm
            Sauerländisch: Ārm, Ārem, Oarm
            Westmünsterländisch: Arm
          • Plautdietsch: Oam, Oarm
    • Old Dutch: arm
      • Middle Dutch: arm
        • Dutch: arm
          • Afrikaans: arm
          • Javindo: arrem
          • Negerhollands: arm, erm
        • Limburgish: erm
    • Old High German: arm, aram, arma

    Etymology 2

    From Proto-Germanic *armaz.

    Adjective

    *arm (comparative *armōʀō, superlative *armōst)[1]

    2. poor, miserable
      Synonyms: *armalīk, *blaut, *unlād, *wainag
    3. pitiful, pitiable
    Inflection
    a-stem
    Singular Masculine
    Nominative *arm
    Genitive *armas
    Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
    Nominative *arm *armu *arm
    Accusative *armanā *armā *arm
    Genitive *armas *armeʀā *armas
    Dative *armumē *armeʀē *armumē
    Instrumental *armu *armeʀu *armu
    Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
    Nominative *armē *armō *armu
    Accusative *armā *armā *armu
    Genitive *armeʀō *armeʀō *armeʀō
    Dative *armēm, *armum *armēm, *armum *armēm, *armum
    Instrumental *armēm, *armum *armēm, *armum *armēm, *armum
    Derived terms
    Descendants
    • Old English: earm
    • Old Frisian: erm
    • Old Saxon: *arm
      • Middle Low German: arm
        • German Low German: arm
        • Plautdietsch: oam, oarm
    • Old Dutch: arm
      • Middle Dutch: arm
        • Dutch: arm
          • Afrikaans: arm
          • Berbice Creole Dutch: arum
          • Jersey Dutch: arm
          • Negerhollands: aerm
          • Petjo: arm
        • Limburgish: erm
    • Old High German: arm

    References

    1. ^ Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014), The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 60: “*armōzō, *armōst”
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