Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/armaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɑr.mɑz/

Etymology 1

    From Proto-Indo-European *h₂érmos, *h₂ŕ̥mos, from the root *h₂er- (“to fit”).[1]

    Cognate with Lithuanian i̇̀rmėdė (“gout”), Old Prussian irmo (“arm”), Ancient Greek ἁρμός (harmós, “joint”), Latin armus (“shoulder (of an animal)”), Proto-Slavic *òrmo (“shoulder”), Sanskrit ईर्म (īrmá, “arm”).

    Noun

    *armaz m[1]

    2. arm
    Inflection
    Declension of *armaz (masculine a-stem)
    singular plural
    nominative *armaz *armōz, *armōs
    vocative *arm *armōz, *armōs
    accusative *armą *armanz
    genitive *armas, *armis *armǫ̂
    dative *armai *armamaz
    instrumental *armō *armamiz
    Descendants

    Etymology 2

    From Pre-Germanic *h₃orbʰmos, with loss of -b- before -m-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erbʰ-, whence English orphan. Compare the Norse variant aumr, as from *arbmaz with no loss of -b-, which mirrors the dissimilation of Old Norse haustr from *harbistaz.[2]

    Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁erm- (“poor, ill”) and cognate with Hittite 𒅕𒈠𒀭 (erman, “sickness”).[3]

    Adjective

    *armaz (comparative *armōzô, superlative *armōstaz)[2]

    2. poor, miserable
    3. pitiful, pitiable
    Inflection
    Declension of *armaz (a-stem)
    Strong declension
    singular plural
    masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
    nominative *armaz *armō *armą, -atō *armai *armôz *armō
    accusative *armanǭ *armǭ *armą, -atō *armanz *armōz *armō
    genitive *armas, -is *armaizōz *armas, -is *armaizǫ̂ *armaizǫ̂ *armaizǫ̂
    dative *armammai *armaizōi *armammai *armaimaz *armaimaz *armaimaz
    instrumental *armanō *armaizō *armanō *armaimiz *armaimiz *armaimiz
    Weak declension
    singular plural
    masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
    nominative *armô *armǭ *armô *armaniz *armōniz *armōnō
    accusative *armanų *armōnų *armô *armanunz *armōnunz *armōnō
    genitive *arminiz *armōniz *arminiz *armanǫ̂ *armōnǫ̂ *armanǫ̂
    dative *armini *armōni *armini *armammaz *armōmaz *armammaz
    instrumental *arminē *armōnē *arminē *armammiz *armōmiz *armammiz
    Derived terms
    Descendants

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*arma- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 35
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*arma- 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 35
    3. ^ Mallory, J.P., and D.Q. Adams. 2006. The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World. P. 196
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