Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/belgü

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *bel- +‎ *-gü.

Noun

*belgü

sign, omen

Reconstruction notes

The Middle Mongol borrowing points to *belgö.

Declension

Declension of *belgü
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*belgü
accusative	belgüg, belgüni¹⁾
genitive	*belgüniŋ
dative	*belgüke
locative	*belgüde
ablative	*belgüden
allative	*belgügerü
instrumental ²⁾	*belgün
equative ²⁾	*belgüče
similative ²⁾	*belgüleyü
comitative ²⁾	*belgüligü

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Alternative reconstructions

*belgö^[1]

Descendants

→ Middle Mongol: ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ (belge)
- Central Mongolic:
  - Classical Mongolian:
    - Mongolian: бэлгэ (belge)
    - Buryat: бэлгэ (belge)
  - Written Oirat:
    - Kalmyk: белг (belg)
- → Azerbaijani: bəlgə
- → Turkish: belge (learned)
  - → Gagauz: belgä
  - → Laz: ბელგე (belge)
Proto-Common Turkic: *belgü

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: bəlirmək, bəlgiyyə
  - Ottoman Turkish:
    - Turkish: belirmek, belgi
- Turkmen: belgi
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: بَلْكُ (belgü), بَلْكُرْماكْ (belgürmek)
  - Chagatai: بیلکو (bylkw /⁠belgü⁠/)
    - Uzbek: belgi
    - Uyghur: بەلگە (belge)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: билге (bilge), билгереү (bilgerew)
  - Tatar: билге (bilge)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: belgi
  - Karaim: belgi
  - Kumyk: белги (belgi)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Karakalpak: belgi
    - Kazakh: белгі (belgı)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: белги (belgi)
    - Southern Altai: белги (belgi)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: [script needed] (belgü)
- Old Uyghur: 𐽼𐾁𐽷𐽳 (plkw /⁠bälgü⁠/)
- North Siberian:
  - Yakut: бэлиэ (belie)
- South Siberian:
  - Northern Altai: пелги (pelgi)

References

^ Doerfer, Gerhard (1963), Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 16)‎^[1] (in German), volume I, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, § 96, page 216

Schejk Sulejman efendi’s Tscagataj-osmanisches Wörterbuch. Budapest, 1902.v
Бамматов Б.Г., editor (2013), “belgü”, in Кумыкско-русский словарь [Kumyk–Russian dictionary], Makhachkala: ИЯЛИ ДНЦ РАН
Räsänen, Martti (1969), Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 69
https://classes.ru/all-crtatar/dictionary-crtatar-russian-cyr-term-1744.htm
“belgü”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)
N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “belgü”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN
Якутско-русский словарь (ред. П.А. Слепцов) 1972 г, 25300 слов.

[1] Doerfer, Gerhard (1963), Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 16)‎^[1] (in German), volume I, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, § 96, page 216

[1]