Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/abïčga

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Uncertain. However over the years multiple theories have risen:

Clauson suggests a derivation *abïč (“an obscure root”) +‎ *-ga.
Nishanyan suggets a derivation *apa (“elderly male relative”) +‎ *-ča (“diminutive suffix”), however note that the suffix was borrowed from Persians at a later date.

Noun

*abïčga

an elderly relative; husband, old man, foster-mother, elder sister, uncle etc.

Declension

Declension of *abïčga (Common Turkic)
	singular	plural ²⁾
nominative	*abïčga	*abïčgalar
accusative
genitive	*abïčganïŋ	*abïčgalarnïŋ
dative	*abïčgaka	*abïčgalarka
locative	*abïčgada	*abïčgalarda
ablative	*abïčgadan	*abïčgalardan
instrumental ¹⁾		*abïčgalarïn
equative ¹⁾	*abïčgača	*abïčgalarča

¹⁾ The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Common Turkic languages.
²⁾ This plural suffix is used only on Common Turkic, and not in Oghur. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Common Turkic:

Proto-Oghuz::
- West Oghuz:
  - Ottoman Turkish: عموجه (amuca), عمجه (ʼamca), عمیجه (ʼamıca)
    - Turkish: amca
    - → Albanian: axhë
    - → Armenian: ամուճա (amuča)
    - → Bulgarian: аму́джа (amúdža)
    - → Laz: ემუჯა (emuca), ემიჯე (emice) — Jigetore, ემიჯა (emica) — Lome
    - → Serbo-Croatian: а̀миџа / àmidža
    - ⇒ Turkish: Abuşka, abuş
    - ⇒ Turkish: Abuşka, abuş
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (avıçğa)
  - Chagatai: [script needed] (avuşka)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: абышҡа (abışqa)
    - → Chuvash: упӑшка (up̬ăška)
- East Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: абышка (abışka)
  - Southern Altai: абышка (abïška)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic:
  - Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰 (ʾʾβycqʾ /⁠avïčġa⁠/, “old man”)
    ⇒ Old Uyghur: 阿卜失哈 (ābǔshīhā /⁠abušġa⁠/, “old woman, mother”)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tofa: ашыняӄ (ašïńaq)
    - Tuvan: ашак (aşak)
  - Yeniseian Turkic:
    - Khakas: абысхаӌах (abısxacax), апсах (apsax)
    - Shor: апшый (apšïy)
  - Northern Altai: апшыйак (apšïyak)

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972), An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 6
Clauson, Gerard (2002), “The Suffixes in Pre-Eighth Century Turkish”, in Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics, 2nd edition, London: RoutledgeCurzon, →ISBN, pages 87-88
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “amca”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Sevortjan, E. V. (1974), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Nauka, pages 60-61
Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*Abuč-ka”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill