Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-ge

Comparable to Proto-Mongolic *-gan (“deverbal noun suffix”), Proto-Tungusic *-kan (“deverbal noun suffix”).

*-ge

1. forms deverbal nouns

   ‎*bil- (“to know”) + ‎*-ge → ‎*bilge (“wise, sage”)

   ‎*kïs- (“to squeeze”) + ‎*-ge → ‎*kïsga (“short”)

Comparable to Proto-Mongolic *-gan and *-xan (“denominal noun suffix”) and Proto-Tungusic *-kan.

*-ge

1. forms denominal nouns, usually used for animals and plants

   ‎*čekürt (“the sound of a grasshopper”) + ‎*-ge → ‎*čekürtge (“grasshopper, locust”)

   ‎*kar (“caw”) + ‎*-ge → ‎*karga (“crow”)

• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “+gA”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Clauson, Gerard (1972), An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages xliii and xlvii