Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xyniti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

By surface analysis, *xynъ +‎ *-iti. Further origin not entirely clear. Has been compared with Ancient Greek σκῠ́νῐον (skŭ́nĭon, “skin above eyebrows”), Sanskrit स्कु॒नाति॑ (skunā́ti, “to cover”), German Scheune (“barn”).

Verb

*xynìti impf^[1]

to deceive, to mislead

Conjugation

Conjugation of *xyniti, *xyni, *xynitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*xyňenьje	*xyniti	*xynitъ	*xynilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*xyňenъ	*xynimъ
Active	*xyňь	*xynę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*xynixъ	*xyni	*xyni	*xyňǫ	*xyniši	*xynitь
Dual	*xynixově	*xynista	*xyniste	*xynivě	*xynita	*xynite
Plural	*xynixomъ	*xyniste	*xynišę	*xynimъ	*xynite	*xynętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*xyňaaxъ	*xyňaaše	*xyňaaše	—	*xyni	*xyni
Dual	*xyňaaxově	*xyňaašeta	*xyňaašete	*xynivě	*xynita	—
Plural	*xyňaaxomъ	*xyňaašete	*xyňaaxǫ	*xynimъ	*xynite	—

(*)*xynivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Related terms

*xylъ (“crooked”), *xyliti (“to contort”) (possibly)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Russian: хи́ни́ть (xínítʹ) (dialectal)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Glagolitic script: ⱈⱏⰺⱀⰻⱅⰻ (xyniti)
  
  Old Cyrillic script: хꙑнити (xyniti)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: хи́нити
  
  Latin script: híniti
- Slovene: hiníti (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Czech: chynit (obsolete)
  - ⇒ Czech: (toponym) Chyňava

References

^ Snoj, Marko (2016), “hiniti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *xyni̋ti”

Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xyniti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 157
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “хинить”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Gluhak, Alemko (1993), “hiniti”, in Hrvatski etimološki rječnik [Croatian Etymology Dictionary] (in Serbo-Croatian), Zagreb: August Cesarec, →ISBN, page 260

[1] Snoj, Marko (2016), “hiniti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *xyni̋ti”

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